Nuclear reactions and Binding energy

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14 Terms

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Binding energy per nucleon

Energy required to overcome the strong nuclear force and separate out a single nucleon from the nucleus

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mass defect

mass of protons and neutrons - mass of nucleus

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nuclear reactions which release energy

-BEPN increases because nuclear reactions which release energy require the reactant particles to become more stable products (so requires a gain in BEPN)

-mass per nucleon decreases because the energy released comes from E=mc², so, since the total mass number is conserved, the mass per nucleon must decrease by the mass deficit and the nucleus will also be in a lower energy state

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nuclear reactions which release energy summary

BEPN increases, mass per nucleon decreases, lower energy state, mass converted to energy (energy released, exothermic)

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mass energy equivalence

difference in energy = difference in mass

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rest mass

the mass of a particle or object when its velocity is zero

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reason for mass defect

when the nucleons join to form the nucleus some of the mass is converted into energy and this energy is released into the surroundings (binding energy)

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conservation laws for nuclear reactions

mass number, energy, nucleon number, momentum

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why binding energy is negative

energy is released when the nucleons combine to form a nucleus, energy needs to be added to the nucleus to free the nucleons

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Fusion

A nuclear reaction in which two smaller nuclei join together to form a larger nucleus

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Fission

A nuclear reaction in which a large nuclei splits into smaller ones

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why Fe is the most stable element

Fe-56 has the greatest BEPN, so it takes the most energy to remove a single nucleon from its nucleus, making Fe-56 the most stable

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Total binding energy

energy required to separate a nucleus into all its individual nucleons

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nucleon

proton or neutron in the nucleus