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Binding energy per nucleon
Energy required to overcome the strong nuclear force and separate out a single nucleon from the nucleus
mass defect
mass of protons and neutrons - mass of nucleus
nuclear reactions which release energy
-BEPN increases because nuclear reactions which release energy require the reactant particles to become more stable products (so requires a gain in BEPN)
-mass per nucleon decreases because the energy released comes from E=mc², so, since the total mass number is conserved, the mass per nucleon must decrease by the mass deficit and the nucleus will also be in a lower energy state
nuclear reactions which release energy summary
BEPN increases, mass per nucleon decreases, lower energy state, mass converted to energy (energy released, exothermic)
mass energy equivalence
difference in energy = difference in mass
rest mass
the mass of a particle or object when its velocity is zero
reason for mass defect
when the nucleons join to form the nucleus some of the mass is converted into energy and this energy is released into the surroundings (binding energy)
conservation laws for nuclear reactions
mass number, energy, nucleon number, momentum
why binding energy is negative
energy is released when the nucleons combine to form a nucleus, energy needs to be added to the nucleus to free the nucleons
Fusion
A nuclear reaction in which two smaller nuclei join together to form a larger nucleus
Fission
A nuclear reaction in which a large nuclei splits into smaller ones
why Fe is the most stable element
Fe-56 has the greatest BEPN, so it takes the most energy to remove a single nucleon from its nucleus, making Fe-56 the most stable
Total binding energy
energy required to separate a nucleus into all its individual nucleons
nucleon
proton or neutron in the nucleus