Chemistry Finals
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109 Terms
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mole ratio
ratio between moles in a balanced equation
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excess reactant
unused reactants in a chemical reaction
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percent yield
actual divided by the theoretical yield
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chemical reaction
process in which atoms are rearranged to form different substances
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limiting reactant
determines the amount of product formed
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reactant
everything to the left in a chemical equation
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actual yield
true amount of product generated
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stoichiometry
study of quantitative relationship between products and reactants in a chemical reaction
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theoretical yield
maximum amount of product generated
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product
everything to the right in a chemical equation
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kinetic theory
states that all the effects of temperature and pressure on matter can be explained by them motion of its particle
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elastic collisions
collisions between particles of gas where no energy is lost
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intramolecular forces
attraction between atoms (covalent bonds) in a molecule
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intermolecular forces
the forces between molecules that hold molecules together
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gasses
the state of matter that has the most kinetic energy and are the most compressible of any of the three mot common states of matter
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liquid
the state of matter with a definite volume and takes the shape of their container
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solid
the state of matter with a definite shape and volume
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allotrope
two different forms of the same element such as coal and a diamond
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galvanizing
putting a layer of zinc on another metal to resist corrosion
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alloy
a mixture of 2 or more metals
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amorphous
solid without internal repeating pattern
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crystal
solid with internal repeating pattern
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boiling point
temperature of phase change from liquid to gas
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surfactant
reduces surface tension in a liquid
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viscosity
a liquids resistance to flow
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sublimation
phase change from solid to gas
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triple point
on a diagram where all phases of a substance coexist
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deposition
phase change from a gas to solid
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unit cell
simplest unit in a crystal
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dispersion forces
temporary forces between nonpolar molecules
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hydrogen bond
weak bond between H and NOF
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standard pressure in kPa
101\.3
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standard pressure in atm (atmosphere)
1
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standard pressure in mmHg
760
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standard pressure in torr
760
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kPa
kilopascals
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atm
atmosphere
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n
number of moles
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R
ideal gas constant
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P
pressure
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V
volume
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T
temperature
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STP
standard pressure/temperature
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Standard temperature in Celsius
0
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standard temperature in kelvins
273
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acid
a substance that releases hydrogen ions in a solution
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what acids tastes like
sour
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what acid releases when reacted with metals
hydrogen
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acids turn litmus paper from
blue to red
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the formula for an acid usually begins with
hydrogen
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the mathematical scale for the pH scale
logarithmic
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how much stronger is a base of 13 than 8
10 to the 5th power
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a ph of 7 is
neutral
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a ph lower than 7 is
acid
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a ph higher than 7 is
base
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the letters pH stand for
power of hydrogen
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the ph scale ranges from
0-14
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bases yield what ion in water
hydroxide
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another name for base
alkali
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what bases taste like
bitter
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what bases feel like
slippery
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bases turn litmus paper from
red to blue
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the formula for most bases ends with
\-OH
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acid plus base yields
salt plus water
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what are the three types of electrolytes
acid, base, salt
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electrolyte
a substance that conducts electricity in water solution
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base
a substance that releases hydroxide ions in a solution
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solution
a solute in a solvent
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solute
dissolved substance in a solution
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solvent
dissolving substance in a solution
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like dissolves like
substances dissolve in others of the same polarity
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saturated solution
solution with maximum solute
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unsaturated solution
solution without maximum solute
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supersaturated solution
solution with more than the maximum solute
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colloid
particles between 1 and 100 nm
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Brownian motion
random movement of very small particles
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tyndall effect
scattering of light by a colloid
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transuranium
elements with more than 92 protons
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transmutation
the conversion of one element into another
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positron
positively charged electron
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half life
time for half a radioisotope to decay
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nucleon
protons and neutrons
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radioisotope
isotope with unstable nuclei
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rem
unit of radiation
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nuclear fusion
the combining of atomic nuclei
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mass defect
difference between nucleus and nucleon masses
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nuclear fission
the splitting of an atom
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geiger counter
device that detects radiation
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induced transmutation
involves striking nuclei with high velocity particles
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nuclear reactor
device that generates power from fission
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radiotracer
emits non ionizing radiation used in scientific studies
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meth
1 hydrocarbon
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eth
2 hydrocarbons
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prop
3 hydrocarbons
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but
4 hydrocarbons
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pent
5 hydrocarbons
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hex
6 hydrocarbons
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hept
7 hydrocarbons
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oct
8 hydrocarbons
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non
9 hydrocarbons
Note 
Flashcards (31)