Life Processes

Life Processes - Chapter 5 Flashcards

Movements over very small scales, such as movements of __, will be invisible to the naked eye.

Movement over very small scales will be invisible to the naked eye.

Living creatures must move molecules around all the time in order __.

To keep repairing and maintaining their structures.

The process to transfer a source of energy from outside the body of the organism, which we call food, to the inside is called __.

Nutrition

The process of acquiring oxygen from outside the body, and to use it in the process of break-down of food sources for cellular needs, is what we call __.

Respiration

Waste by-products are needed to be removed from the body and discarded outside by a process called __.

Excretion

Organisms that use simple food material obtained from inorganic sources in the form of carbon dioxide and water are called__.

Autotrophs

To break down complex inorganic substances, organisms use bio-catalysts called __.

Enzymes

Organisms that cannot make their own food and rely on other organisms for nutrition are called __.

Heterotrophs

Carbon and energy requirements of the autotrophic organism are fulfilled by __.

Photosynthesis

__ are tiny pores present on the surface of the leaves.

Stomata

The opening and closing of the stomatal pore is a function of the __.

Guard Cells

Examples of organisms that break-down the food material outside the body and then absorb it are __.

Fungi

The saliva contains an enzyme called __ that breaks down starch which is a complex molecule to give simple sugar.

Salivary Amylase

The stomach releases hydrochloric acid, a protein digesting enzyme called __ , and mucus.

Pepsin

The food coming from the stomach is acidic and has to be made alkaline for the pancreatic enzymes to act with the help of __ from the liver.

Bile juice

The inner lining of the small intestine has numerous finger-like projections called __ which increase the surface area for absorption.

Villi

The energy released during cellular respiration is immediately used to synthesise a molecule called__ which is used to fuel all other activities in the cell.

ATP

Within the lungs, the passage divides into smaller and smaller tubes which finally terminate in balloon-like structures which are called __.

Alveoli

In human beings, the respiratory pigment is __ which has a very high affinity for oxygen.

Haemoglobin

__ are the vessels which carry blood away from the heart to various organs of the body.

Arteries

__ collect the blood from different organs and bring it back to the heart.

Veins

The smallest vessels have walls which are one-cell thick and are called __.

Capillaries

__ carries digested and absorbed fat from intestine and drains excess fluid from extra cellular space back into the blood.

Lymph

One plant conducting tube, the __ , moves water and minerals obtained from the soil.

Xylem

The other plant conducting tube, __ , transports products of photosynthesis from the leaves where they are synthesised to other parts of the plant.

Phloem

The loss of water in the form of vapour from the aerial parts of the plant is known as __.

Transpiration

Each kidney has large numbers of these filtration units called __ packed close together.

Nephron