microbial nutrition

flashcards from class

essential nutrient

Any substance that must be provided to an organism is

macronutrients

Nutrients required in relatively large quantities and play roles in cell structure and metabolism are

micronutrients

Nutrients present in much smaller amount, involved in enzyme function and maintenance of protein structure are

heterotroph

An organism that must obtain its carbon in an organic form

autotroph

An organism that uses inorganic CO2 as its carbon source

phototroph

Microbes that photosynthesizes are

chemotroph

Microbes that gets its energy from chemical compounds

lithoautotrophs

Which autotrophs rely totally on inorganic minerals and require neither sunlight nor organic nutrients

saprobes

_______ feed on organic detritus from dead organisms

parasites

Which heterotrophs derive nutrients from the cells or tissues of a living host?

ectoparasites

__________ live on the body

endoparasites

_________ live in the organs and tissues

potassium

_________ is essential to protein synthesis and membrane function

calcium

_________ is a stabilizer of the cell wall and endospores of bacteria

active transport

Atoms or molecules are pumped into or out of the cell by specialized receptors during

minimum temperature

The lowest temperature that permits a microbe’s continued growth and metabolism is

maximum temperature

The highest temperature at which growth and metabolism can proceed before proteins are denatured

optimum temperature

Which temperature promotes the fastest rate of growth and metabolism?

psychrophiles

Which microbes are capable of growth and reproduction in low temperatures such as polar ice and snowfields?

thermophiles

Which microbes live in soil and water associated with volcanic activity and compost piles?

carboon dioxide

Oxygen and __________ influence microbial growth

Hydrogen Peroxide

What is toxic to cells and used as a disinfectant?

facultative anaerobes

What type of microbes do not require oxygen for metabolism but use it when it is present?

obligate anaerobes

What type of microbes lack the enzymes for processing toxic oxygen and die in its presence?

capnophiles

Organisms that grow best at a higher CO2 tension than is normally present in the atmosphere is

pH

The degree of acidity or alkalinity of a solution is the

acidophiles

Organisms that thrive in acidic environments are

alkalinophiles

Organisms that thrive in alkaline conditions are

osmophiles

Organisms that live in habitats with high solute concentration are

halophiles

____________ prefer high concentration of salt.

phototrophs

__________ use visible light rays as an energy source

ionizing radiation

Ultraviolet and ______ _______ can be used in microbial control

barophiles

Bacteria strictly adapted to high pressures are the

symbiosis

A situation in which two organisms live together in a close partnership is called

mutualism

Organisms that live in an obligatory but mutually beneficial relationship is

commensalism

The partner called the commensal receives benefits, while its partner is neither harmed nor benefited is

parasitism

The host organism provides the parasitic microbe with nutrients and a habitat; host suffers from the relationship is

bio film

The epitome of synergy is a _________

binary fission

Cell division in bacteria is known as ______

doubling

Generation Time is the same as _______ time.

exponential growth

The period of most rapid growth on the growth curve is the _____ _______ phase.