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glomerulonephritis
A kidney condition characterized by inflammation of the glomeruli, often after a streptococcal infection.
streptococcus
A type of bacteria, with the beta-hemolytic strain being particularly aggressive and associated with glomerulonephritis.
antibody
A protein produced by the immune system that attaches to specific antigens, such as bacteria, to help neutralize them.
nephron
The functional unit of the kidney, responsible for filtering blood and forming urine.
filtration
The process by which the kidneys filter blood to form urine, involving the passage of small particles through the glomerulus.
reabsorption
The process of reclaiming water, ions, and nutrients from the filtrate back into the bloodstream in the nephron.
secretion
The process of adding substances from the bloodstream into the filtrate in the nephron, contributing to urine formation.
acute kidney failure
A rapid decline in kidney function, often resulting from a severe bacterial infection or trauma.
chronic kidney disease
A gradual loss of kidney function over time, often associated with underlying health conditions like diabetes.
ADH (antidiuretic hormone)
A hormone that regulates water retention in the kidneys, reducing urine output by increasing water reabsorption.
osmotic pressure
The pressure required to prevent the flow of water across a semipermeable membrane, important in kidney function.
nephrotic syndrome
A kidney disorder characterized by excessive protein loss in urine, leading to edema and other health issues.
JGA (juxtaglomerular apparatus)
A structure in the kidney that regulates blood pressure and glomerular filtration rate via renin secretion.
renal clearance
A measure of the kidney's ability to filter and excrete substances from the blood into the urine.
homeostasis
The body's ability to maintain stable internal conditions, including fluid balance and electrolyte levels.
micturition
The process of urination, involving the coordinated contraction of bladder muscles and relaxation of sphincters.
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