Ch 1 & 3 - Public Speaking Quiz

listen and evaluate political speeches and content

public

Benefits of Public Speaking, Personal:

• being able to give speeches at special, once in a life time events (funeral, wedding)

• helps us fulfill roles in our family and community

• builds self-confidence

Benefits of Public Speaking, Professional:

• attract employees

• become a great leader (that communicates ideas effectively, persuades, and negotiates)

• enhances chance of employment

• VERY in demand skill (70% of jobs)

Benefits of Public Speaking, Public:

• listen and understand political speeches and their content

• sustain society

• form an opinion and participate in a resolution for issues

• allows you to participate in democracy

Linear or Transaction? shows communication as ongoing and circular

transactional

Linear or Transaction? includes both encoding and decoding

Transactional

Linear or Transaction? developed in 1949.

linear

Linear or Transaction? worldview and content both play a big part.

transactional

Linear or Transaction? inadequate model.

linear

Linear or Transaction? used originally for radio and television transmissions, then adapted to human communication

transactional

Linear or Transaction? interdependent (dependent on each other) processes and components.

transactional

Linear or Transaction? includes communicator, message, channel, and noise.

transactional

Linear or Transaction? Communication is a one-way process

linear

Linear or Transaction? constantly affecting and affected by those we communicate with.

transactional

Linear or Transaction? includes sender → channel → receiver

linear

linear is an appropriate label for the linear model of communication because…

only goes one way, GIVES info

transactional is an appropriate label for the transactional model of communication because…

Communication is back-and-forth, give AND receive info

very simply the means through which the message travels

Channel

reverse process of listening to words, thinking about them, and turning those words into mental images

decoding

overall framework through which an individual sees, thinks about, and interprets the world and interacts with it

Worldview

physical setting and type of relationship and communicative rules

context

anything that interferes with message transmission, or reception

noise

process of taking an idea or mental image, associating that image with words, and then speaking those words in order to convey a message

encoding

involves verbal and nonverbal behaviors, enacted by communicators, that are interpreted with meaning by others

message

all of the people in the interaction

communicator

wearing a suit versus sweats

message

headache

noise

research methods

Worldview

forming a mental map from someone’s spoken directions

decoding

A person giving a speech in their audience

communicator

explaining directions while picturing landscapes, streets, etc.

encoding

how I speak to my best friend at work

context

speech on TV

Channel

monotone voice versus emotional tone

message

worried about sick grandmother

Noise

Power relationships

Worldview

Choice of visual aids

Worldview

Informative Speech

define, describe, and explain

• topics can be person, place, object, process, concept, or issue

informative speech examples

• report to coworker

• training session for a job

• teacher presentation

Persuasive Speech

reinforce or change audience’s beliefs, attitudes, feelings, or values

persuasive speech example

• sales pitch

• campaign speech

• debate

Entertainment/Commemorative Speech

strengthen bond between audience members by recalling shared experiences

• uses humor, stories, illustrations

entertainment/commemorative speech examples

• toast

• eulogy

provides insight, of high professional quality

adept use of visual aid

points are mutually exclusive, directly related to the thesis/uses effective transitions

clear organization

appropriate to audience and occasion, engagement, new info, original

useful topic

posture, gestures, facial expressions, and eye contact that supports verbal message

corresponding non-verbals

clear and memorable summary, refers back to thesis, and end with call to action

closure in conclusion

credible evidence, sound reasoning, support claim

convincing persuasion

• careful word choice

• clear, imaginative, vivid

• free from bias

• grammatically correct

clear and vivid language

• show how information is important to audience

• speech tailored to the audience’s beliefs

• allusions to culturally shared experiences

adapted to the audience

intensity, pacing, natural, enthusiastic, avoids fillers

suitable vocal expression

• establish credibility

• states thesis clearly

• previewed points, clearly, logically, convincingly

engaging introduction

credible materials, clear citations

well supported ideas

epistemology

The way we acquire knowledge or what counts as knowledge

• Public Speaking: preferred learning styles, what is considered a credible source

epistemology example

researchers access info via their computer

ontology

our belief system, how we see reality

• Public Speaking: speakers can’t assume audiences beliefs

ontology example

believing aliens exist

axiology

our value system, what is right or wrong

• Public Speaking: impact speakers credibility and effectiveness in persuasion

axiology example

one’s values in a partner

cosmology

View on relationship between people and universe

• Public Speaking: affect speech set up: who is allowed to speak, how long, the order of speakers, and the seating arrangement

cosmology example

death penalty opinion

Praxeology

how we solve everyday tasks or problems

• Public Speaking: impacts speaker’s preference in delivery style, arrangement of main points, in slideware choice

praxeology example

start working on speech right after given assignment (not procrastinating)

nonverbal behavior

Tone of voice and other non-vocal components

nonverbal behavior example

speaker dressed in suit impacts how speech is interpreted

intentional communication

Image that we wish to communicate and are successful

unintentional communication

Image that we wish to communicate is not the message we give

concrete words

describes tangible objects, perceived through senses

• Public Speaking: each person will have a different image

concrete example

dog

abstract words

referred to ideas/concepts that are removed from reality

• Public Speaking: knowing that simple terms can be understood in a different way by the audience, don’t assume listener will understand

abstract examples

• peace

• love

3 reasons why public speaking skills are important

• builds self-confidence

• good skill to have when trying to get a job and keep/get promoted in the job

• helps you prepare for brief, but once in a life time speeches

Linear model of communication

• 3-part model

  • sender, channel, and receiver

• one-way, straight process

Transactional model of communication

• circular process

• has many processes and components

  • encoding, decoding, communication, message, channel, noise…

Components of Communication:

• encoding

• decoding

• communication

• message

• channel

• noise

• worldview

• context

The 11 Core Speaking Competencies

1. adept use of visual aids

2. convincing persuasion

3. useful topic

4. engaging intro

5. clear organization

6. well-supported ideas

7. closure in conclusion

8. clear and vivid language

9. suitable vocal expression

10. corresponding nonverbals

11. adapted to the audience

which of the elements of a communication process do you think has the greatest impact on the way a message is interpreted?

My answer: Worldview

• one’s thoughts/beliefs will determine how they view the information being given. For example, a speaker says cats are highly independent. Person A sees cats as a good pet because of low maintenance, but person B sees cats as a bad pet because they are more difficult to bond with. Both were given the same info but had very different take aways.

If verbal and nonverbal DON’T match, they will believe the…

nonverbal message

• “actions speak louder than words”

Types of Noise (4)

• Physiological

• Psychological

• Physical

• Cultural

Physiological noise

bodiy processes

• flu

• hungry

Psychological Noise

mental/emotion

• broken up w/

• grandma is sick→worried

Physical noise

acual sound

• lawnmower

• loud voices

Cultural noise

differences in people’s worldview

• opposite political party → don’t listen

when using concrete and abstract words, be careful w/ both bc…

message can’t be guaranteed

• same word can trigger different thoughts from each person

Morality

what is good or bad

Ethics

the ACTION, make decisions based on morality

Ethical Dilemma

choosing btwn 2 ‘right’ choices

Ethical Dilemma examples

• mom steals for hungry family

• sending grandma (who wants independence) to a nursing home bc she needs more help

3 Types of Plagarism

• Global

• Patchwork

• Incremental

global plagarism

entirely not your work

Patchwork plagarism

patch together sources

Incremental plagiarism

no citations

Paraphrasing

read, learned, and put it in own words

Direct quote

exact authors’ words, requires quotes

Citing (3 Diff things to Cite)

written, oral, visual aid

Written Citation

parenthetical citations

• MLA/APA

• author name, page number

Oral Citation

give author credibility (occupation, journal title)

• ‘start quote’ and ‘end quote’

• pause before quote

Visual Aid citation

• cite sources throughout presentation

• include url/web link

Fair Use Policy

copying of any copyrighted material can be done under these conditions:

• promotes education

• news reporting

• research