Genetic Engineering 101

These flashcards cover important genetic vocabulary and concepts, as outlined in the lecture notes on genetic engineering and inheritance.

Monohybrid Cross

A mating experiment that follows one character.

Dihybrid Cross

A mating experiment that follows two characters.

Genotype

The genetic makeup of an individual.

Phenotype

The physical attributes of an individual.

Dominant Trait

A trait that is expressed in the F1 generation.

Recessive Trait

A trait that is not expressed in the presence of a dominant trait.

Incomplete Dominance

A form of inheritance where the heterozygote has a phenotype that is intermediate between the two homozygous phenotypes.

Codominance

A form of inheritance where both alleles are expressed equally in the phenotype.

Punnett Square

A diagram that is used to predict the outcome of a particular cross or breeding experiment.

Law of Segregation

Mendel's law stating that alleles segregate from each other during gamete formation.

Allele

A variant form of a gene.

Locus

The specific location of a gene on a chromosome.

True-breeding Strain

Organisms that consistently produce offspring with a specific trait when self-fertilized.

Hybridization

The process of crossing different strains to produce offspring.

Pedigree Analysis

A method of following traits through generations of a family.

Epistasis

A phenomenon where the expression of one gene affects the expression of another gene.

Polygenic Inheritance

A form of inheritance where multiple genes contribute to a single trait.

Environmental Factors

External factors that can influence genetic expression.