ABDOMEN: SURFACE TOPOGRAPHY

GENANA - MT

Abdomen

• part of the trunk

• inferior to the thorax (thoracic cavity)

• superior to the pelvis (pelvic cavity)

thorax (thoracic cavity)

abdomen is inferior to the __________________

pelvis (pelvic cavity)

abdomen is superior to the ___________________

Abdominal Cavity

• Surrounded by musculomembranous walls

• Boundaries:

  • Superior - diaphragm

  • Inferior - pelvic inlet

• Contents:

  • peritoneal cavity

  • abdominal viscera

diaphragm

it is the superior boundary of abdominal cavity

pelvic inlet

it is the inferior boundary of abdominal cavity

peritoneal cavity and abdominal viscera

these are the contents of the abdominal cavity

surface topography

• used to describe:

  • location of abdominal organs

  • pain associated with abdominal problems

• 2 schemes

  • four-quadrant pattern

  • nine-region pattern

four-quadrant pattern and nine-region pattern

these are the 2 schemes of surface topography

four-quadrant pattern

1. Horizontal transumbilical plane

   • umbilicus

   • intervertebral disc (L3 and L4)

2. Vertical median plane

horizontal transumbilical plane and vertical median plane

these are the two planes that intersect in a four-quadrant pattern

right upper quadrant

• this quadrant is consist of these organs:

  • liver

  • pancreas

  • gallbladder

  • duodenum

  • transverse colon

• other organs:

  • right adrenal gland

  • right kidney

right lower quadrant

• this quadrant is consist of these organs:

  • small intestine

  • ascending colon

  • appendix

  • urinary bladder

• other organs:

  • part of right kidney

  • right ureter

  • female: right ovary and uterine tube

  • male: right spermatic cord

left upper quadrant

• this quadrant is consist of these organs:

  • liver

  • stomach

  • spleen

  • pancreas

  • transverse colon

• other organs:

  • left adrenal gland

  • left kidney

left lower quadrant

• this quadrant is consist of these organs:

  • small intestine

  • descending colon

  • urinary bladder

• other organs:

  • part of left kidney

  • left ureter

  • female: left ovary and uterine tube

  • male: left spermatic cord

  • sigmoid colon

nine-region pattern

it has 2 horizontal and 2 vertical planes

subcostal plane

• part of 2 horizontal planes of nine-region pattern

• superior horizontal plane

• Inferior to the costal margins

• Anterior - lower border of the costal cartilage of rib 10

• Posterior - body of vertebra L3.

intertubercular plane

• part of 2 horizontal planes of nine-region pattern

• inferior horizontal plane

• connects the tubercles of the iliac crests

• passes through the upper part of the body of vertebra L5

transpyloric plane

• an imaginary horizontal line that passes through the body at the level of the first lumbar vertebra (L1)

• it is above the subcostal plane

vertical plane

• pass from the midpoint of the clavicles

• midway between the anterior superior iliac spine and pubic symphysis

nine regions

1. right hypochondriac region

2. right lumbar region

3. right iliac region

4. epigastric region

5. umbilical region

6. hypogastric region

7. left hypochondriac region

8. left lumbar region

9. left iliac region