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Consciousness
Our subjective awareness of ourselves and our environment, including states such as normal waking awareness and altered states.
States of consciousness
Different levels of awareness, including daydreaming, drowsiness, sensory deprivation, hallucinations, and meditation.
Self-consciousness
A level of consciousness where one is aware of oneself, often tested using the mirror test.
Thought suppression
The conscious avoidance of specific thoughts, which often leads to the rebound effect where the thought returns with greater frequency.
Dual Processing
The simultaneous processing of information on separate conscious and unconscious levels.
REM sleep
A stage of sleep characterized by rapid eye movements, vivid dreams, and muscle paralysis, associated with increased brain activity.
Circadian rhythm
The internal biological clock that regulates the approximately 24-hour cycle of day and night, impacting sleep-wake cycles.
Sleep deprivation
A condition resulting from insufficient sleep, which can significantly contribute to issues such as anxiety and depression.
Insomnia
A sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling or staying asleep.
Activation-Synthesis Theory
The theory suggesting that dreams result from the brain's attempt to make sense of random neural activity during REM sleep.
Consolidation Theory
The theory that dreams are crucial for memory consolidation and the organization of new information into long-term memory.
Psychoactive drugs
Chemical substances that alter perceptions and mood by increasing or decreasing the activity of neurotransmitters.
Depressants
Psychoactive drugs that calm neural activity and slow down bodily functions. Alcohol, Opiates (Heroin and Morphine), and Barbiturate are examples.
Stimulants
Psychoactive drugs that excite neural activity and increase bodily functions. Caffeine, Nicotine, Adderall, Amphetamines/methamphetamine, Cocaine, and Ecstasy (MDMA) are examples
Hallucinogens
Psychoactive drugs distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input. LSD and Marijuana are examples.
REM Rebound
The phenomenon of increased duration of REM sleep following a period of REM deprivation.
Blindsight
A condition in which individuals can respond to visual stimuli without conscious awareness of them.
Cognitive Neuroscience
The scientific field that studies the neural mechanisms of cognition and consciousness.
SATED Questionnaire
A survey to assess sleep health based on satisfaction, alertness, timing, efficiency, and duration of sleep.
Jet Lag
A temporary disruption of the body's circadian rhythm caused by traveling across time zones.
Change blindness
A phenomenon where individuals fail to notice changes in their environment.
Sleep stages
Different phases of sleep which include NREM (Non-Rapid Eye Movement) and REM stages.
NREM sleep
A phase of sleep characterized by slower brain waves, divided into three stages: N1, N2, and N3.
Sleep cycles
The pattern of alternating periods of NREM and REM sleep throughout the night, typically lasting about 90 minutes.
Sleep hygiene
A variety of practices that are necessary to have quality sleep and full daytime alertness.
Parasomnias
Abnormal behaviors during sleep, such as sleepwalking, night terrors, and excessive talking.
Sleep apnea
A sleep disorder marked by repeated interruptions in breathing during sleep.
Melatonin
A hormone produced by the pineal gland that regulates sleep-wake cycles, often related to darkness.
Sleep paralysis
A temporary inability to move or speak while falling asleep or waking up, often accompanied by hallucinations.
Polysomnography
A comprehensive sleep study used to diagnose sleep disorders involving monitoring various physiological parameters.
Sleep debt
The cumulative effect of not getting enough sleep, leading to negative impacts on health and functioning.
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