Interpersonal Communication Final

starts at 9am and ends at 12, same classroom as always

Similarities between verbal and nonverbal communication?

Both are symbolic, rule-guided, intentional/unintentional, and culture-bound.

Differences between verbal and nonverbal communication?

Nonverbal is more believable, multichannelled, continuous, and environmental.

 Principles of nonverbal communication?

Supplement/replace verbal, regulate interaction, establish relationship meanings.

 Types of nonverbal communication?

Kinesics, haptics, physical appearance, artifacts, environmental factors, proxemics, chronemics, paralanguage, silence.

What is kinesics?

Body position and motion, including facial expressions and gestures.

What is haptics

Communication through touch; critical for development and emotional connection.

What is proxemics?

Use of space to indicate status or invite/discourage interaction.

 What is chronemics?

Use of time to define identities and interactions; varies across cultures.

 What is paralanguage?

Vocal qualities like pitch, volume, speed, and inflection.

What does silence communicate?

Power, disconfirmation, or reflection.

What is culture?

Learned and shared understandings about behaviour and meaning in life

Subculture

a cultural group within a larger culture, often having beliefs or interests at variance with those of the larger culture

Characteristics of culture?

Integrated, historical, changeable, value-driven, symbolic, complex, and behavior-influencing.

 Monochronic vs. Polychronic cultures?

Monochronic = one task at a time, punctual. Polychronic = multitasking, people-oriented.

 High vs. Low context cultures?

High = meaning from relationships/nonverbal cues. Low = explicit, rule-based communication

Dimensions of Cultural Intelligence (CQ)?

Head (learning), Body (actions), Heart (motivation).

Steps in listening process?

Mindfulness, attending, hearing, electing/organizing, interpreting, responding, remembering

What is pseudolistening?

Pretending to listen while not actually paying attention.

 What is monopolizing?

Redirecting communication to focus on yourself.

What is selective listening?

Hearing only parts of communication that interest you.

What is defensive listening?

Perceiving personal attacks in messages not intended that way

What is ambushing?

 Listening carefully only to gather material to attack the speaker.

What is literal listening?

Listening only for content and ignoring relationship-level meaning.

Listening goals

 Listening for pleasure, information, or to support others

What is communication climate?

Overall emotional mood, or feeling in relationships

Features of satisfying relationship?

Investment, commitment, trust, self-disclosure, comfort with dialectics

Levels of confirming climate?

Recognition, acknowledgment, endorsement

Relational Dialectics?

Autonomy/connection, novelty/predictability, openness/closedness

Neutralizing dialectical tensions?

Balancing two opposing needs so each is partly met

Reframing dialectic tensions?

 Redefining contradictory needs so they are no longer oppositional.

Defensive vs. supportive communication?

Defensive = evaluation, certainty, strategy, control, neutrality, superiority. Supportive = description, provisionalism, spontaneity, problem orientation, empathy, equality.

What is interpersonal conflict?

When people who depend on each other express incompatible views or goals

Principles of conflict?

Natural, overt/covert, shaped by social groups, can be managed well/poorly, can be beneficial

Orientations to conflict?

•  Lose-lose, win-lose, win-win.

Constructive conflict communication?

Validation, dual perspective, recognition, clarification, focus on issues, compromises, useful metacommunication

What is cross complaining?

responding to a complaint with another complaint

What is hostile mind-reading?

Assuming you know the other persons thoughts in a negative way

Overt

Open, visible, and observable

Covert

Hidden, secret or not easily noticed

High context culture

Relationship focused/nonverbal cues (Collectivism)

Low context culture

Explicit, rule-guided communication, focused on logic (Individualism)

Monochromic Culture

One task at a time, timely matter

Polychronic Culture

Multitasking, people orientated