APES U4 Quiz

Latitude lines (not imaginary, tied to real observable phenomena)

Horizontal, units of North and South, and units tell you if the line is in the northern or southern hemisphere

Equator

0 degree line no unit, Separates northern and southern hemisphere, and Highest average annual temperatures

Longitude Lines

Vertical lines tied to our timezone

Lower density

Rises

Higher Density

Sinks

Warm Air

Rises

Cool Air

Sinks

High temperature

Lower density

Lower temperature

Higher density

Convection Cell Basics

1. Uneven temperatures cause density differences

2. Density Differences causes a cycle(cell) of motion in gases, liquids, & semi-solids.

3. Convection cells occur throughout nature, and artificial settings

Sources of heat that drive motion (energy transfer)

Earth’s core, Sun

Earth’s core causes….

mantle convection

Weathering

Breaking down rocks into smaller pieces

Examples of chemical weathering

Acid rain, Lichen on rocks

Examples of physical weathering

Freeze/thaw, plant roots

Erosion

Natural movement of rock/sand/soil from one place to another

Forces of erosion

Water, wind, Gravity, Ice(glacier)

Deposition

The natural placement of sand/soil creating natural landforms

River Deltas

Deposition via water

Dunes

Deposition via wind

Beaches and Sandbars

Deposition via water

Floodplains

Via deposition of river water

Barrier islands

Deposition via ocean water

Salt Marshes

Deposition via water in estuary/barrier island environment

Higher velocity

Sand moves with medium

Lower velocity

Sand succumbs to gravity and falls into place

Specific Heat

The ability of a substance to resist temperature change when it absorbs or loses energy

High specific heat

Heats up slowly, Cools Slowly

Low specific heat

Heats up quickly, Cools Quickly

Land(Sand, rock, etc) and specific heat

Low Specific Heat, heats/cools quickly

Water and specific heat

High Specific Heat, heats/cools slowly

Coastal Area Climate

Cooler summers, warmer winters, water holds heat longer than land, so in winter oceans are warmer than nearby land and in summer, land warms quickly while oceans stay cooler.

Inland Climate

warmer Summers, cooler winters, no body of water to moderate temps, has more extreme temperatures.

Rising air (for any context or reason) will cause….

rain or a high precipitation climate, low pressure

Sinking air (for any context or reason) will cause…..

sunny  weather, and a low precipitation climate, high pressure

Any wind is named based on….

where it comes from

Wind always moves from….

high to low pressure

Wind moving from a large body of water….

more moist/humid/wet

Wind originating from land

wind will dry out

Land breeze

a nighttime wind that blows from the land towards the sea or a large body of water, occurring when the land cools faster than the water

Sea breeze

a localized wind that blows from the ocean onto the land during the daytime. It happens because the sun heats the land faster than the sea

Planetary wind currents create….

ocean currents

Ocean currents transport….

heat & nutrients changing climates/ecosystems

Zone of accumulation

Area where glaciers gain ice, upper part (higher elevation where is colder), Snowfall adds more mass here

Zone of ablation

area where glaciers lose ice for various reasons, Lower part of the glacier (warmer area, thus melting), This is where the glacier loses mass

Equilibrium Line/Firn Line

Dividing line between zone of Accumulation/Ablation, Location of line can hint at glacier health/stability

Glacier Advances

More mass added (snowfall) in the zone of accumulation vs melting in the zone of ablation

Glacier shrinks

More mass lost in the zone of ablation vs Accumulation

Snow/ice accumulates at….

the higher elevation and actually flows downhill as if it were water

Glacier growth is directly driven by….

snowfall not temperature