AP World History - Ultimate Guide (copy)

What rises out of the collapse of classical civilization and the interactions developing between new states?

Growth of long-distance trade.

Buddhism

Founded by Siddhartha Gautama, it teaches the Four Noble Truths and rejects the caste system.

Four Noble Truths

(1) all life is suffering, (2) suffering caused by desire, (3) can be freed of desire, (4) freed of desire by following a prescribed path.

Christianity

Based on the teachings of Jesus of Nazareth; emphasizes love for others and forgiveness of sins.

Confucianism

Founded by Confucius; focuses on restoring political and social order through fundamental relations.

Feudalism

European hierarchy social system of the Middle Ages characterized by the division of land and loyalty.

Peasants or Serfs

Worked the land with few rights or freedoms, skilled in trades, led to middle class emergence.

Islam

Religion founded on the teachings of the prophet Muhammad, emphasizing submission to God and the 5 Pillars of Islam.

Magna Carta

Document signed by King John that reinstated nobles and laid the foundation for Parliament in England.

Song Dynasty

Chinese dynasty that established bureaucratic systems based on merit and improved society through technology and trade.

Mansa Musa

Malian ruler known for building Timbuktu and expanding the kingdom's wealth and culture.

Mongol Empire

Unified under Genghis Khan; spanned from the Pacific Ocean to Eastern Europe, known for military conquests and cultural diffusion.

Aztecs

Arrived in Mexico in the mid-1200s; known for their capital Tenochtitlan and their expansionist policies.

Hinduism

Belief system centered around the supreme force Brahma; involves concepts of karma, dharma, and moksha.

Judaism

First major monotheistic faith; focuses on the covenant between God and the Hebrews.

Timur Lang

Mongol leader known for conquering India and destruction, expanding Islam in the region.