Module 2 - Moral dilemmas and the minimum requirement of Morality

Dilemma

is a problem about choices

Sacrifices

Dilemmas are inherently about what?

Valuable

Dilemmas are about choices, and the choosing over the options on what is more?

Not moral

When our problem relates plainly to choices, then is our dilemma a moral one?

As options increase, difficulty choosing increases

What is the relationship of the number of options available and the difficulty of choosing?

Moral dilemma

When our choice-problem relates between “two equally good or two equally evil” such problem on choices is an example of?

Ethical Dilemma

Is a complex situation that often involves an apparent mental conflict between moral imperatives, in which to obey one would result in transgressing another.

Moral dilemma

Is to be faces with a situation in which no matter what one does, one does wrong

Ethical paradoxes

These kinds of dilemmas present a seemingly self-contradicting statement or situation by when carefully examines, would reveal the significant truth of both statements.

Ethical paradoxes

Invokes an attempt to refute an ethical system or moral code, or improve it as to resolve the said problem.

Values are sacrificed or a lesser evil is upheld

In choosing when in a dilemma, either choices are the only ones you have

Not a case of moral dilemma

A situation where our choices are between good or evil then that is considered?

Common good

As moral individuals, our choices are expected to veer to the?

plato.standford.edu

According to them there are different types of moral dilemmas that confront us in our everyday lives. These are: Epistemic, Ontological, and Self-imposed conflicts/dilemmas.

Epistemic Conflict

This type of dilemma involves conflicts between two or more moral requirements and the agent does not know which of the conflicting requirements takes precedence in the situation.

Epistemic conflicts

An example of this kind of dilemma would be: A moral agent who is confronted by a situation to tell the truth under oath but in doing so, would endanger the life of a loved one.

Ontological conflict

This dilemma involves conflicts between two or more moral requirements, and neither is overridden. This is not simply because the agent does not know which requirement is stronger; neither is.

Ontological Conflicts

Genuine moral dilemmas, if there are any, are most likely classified as this kind of dilemma.

Ontological conflict

An example of this kind of dilemma would be: A moral agent who is trusted by a secret society of its ideology but is summoned by immediate and superior authority to persecute the said society.

Self-imposed dilemma

Is a kind dilemma that arise because of the agent’s own wrongdoing.

Self-imposed dilemma

An example of this kind of dilemma would be: A moral agent made two conflicting promises, then through own action, created a situation in which it is not possible to discharge both of the promises.

Personal, Organizational, and Structured

The three kinds of moral dilemmas, namely - Epistemic, Ontological, and Self-imposed dilemmas, are often found in what three levels of dilemmas?

Personal level

This level of dilemma exists within the person only.

Personal level

Only the individual confronted by such level of moral dilemma

Personal level

Basic examples of this level of dilemma are to cheat or not, to lie or not, to steal or not.

Personal level

Which dilemmas further depend on the situtation involving the agent’s personal actions or decisions.

Organizational Dilemma

Exists within an organization or a particualr sector

Organizational Dilemma

It refers to problems of reconciling inconsistencies between individual needs and aspiration on the one hand, and the collective purpose of the organization on the other.

Systemic Dilemma

This is the third level of moral dilemma also known as structural dilemma.

Systemic Dilemma

This dilemma continously seeks for a system that is satisfactory and acceptable to all concerns.

Systemic Dilemma

This level of moral dilemma arises because people rarely see problems with clear cut solutions, so they confront enduring dilemmas like trade offs and bargaining without exact solution offers.

Systemic dilemma

This level of dilemma involves other systems in the society. BY this we mean other units or agencies that are connected to the dilemma which one way or another contributes to the complications or solutions to a given problem.

Moral Philosophy

Is an attempt to achieve a systemic understanding of the nature of morality and what is requires of us.

How we ought to live and why

Moral philosophy leans heavily on understanding this specific phrase, what is this phrase?

Reason and Impartiality

In answering such questions, morality requires two basic things, namely?

Reason

Is a faculty that is used by man in dealing with issues because moral judgements are not matters of personal preference or taste.

Moral decisions

Requires the support of sound reasons or well-founded justifications

Impartiality

Refers to each individual’s interests that are equally important in the issue at hand.

Impartiality

Inolved acknowledging that other people’s welfare are equally important as our own.

Dilemma

It refers to a situation requiring a choice between equally undesirable alternatives

Ontological conflicts

This type of dilemma involves situation where events that we cannot control have created an unavoidable moral conflicts… example is war

Epistemic conflicts

This type of moral dilemma involves situation wherein two or more moral requirements conflict with each other and that the moral agent hardly known which of the conflicting moral requirements take precedence over the other

Ethical dilemma

It is a complex situation which often originates from conflict between the moral imperatives of two persons

Ontological conflicts

There are situations where we feel we are required to opt for more than one choice

Ontological conflicts

This type of moral dilemma involves situations wherein two or more moral requirements conflict with each other, yet neither of these conflicting moral requirements overrides each other

Moral dilemma

These are situations where persons, who are called moral agents in ethics, are forced to choose between two or more conflicting options, neither of which resolved the situation in a morally acceptable manner.

Self-imposed

This type of moral dilemma is caused by the moral agent’s wrongdoings

Personal level

In this level of dilemma, the moral problem is unique and distinctive to the individual.

Dilemma

A problem which solution required a choice is known as?

Moral Dilemma

Choices that involve two equally good or two equally evil alternatives are known as?

Ethical Paradoxes

Ethical dilemmas are also examples of? because they do not have perfect solutions to offer.

Option

A value is involved in every _____. Hence, an unwanted choice is a sacrificed value.

Self-imposed dilemmas

The types of moral dilemmas that happen because of the agent’s lack of deliberation and foresight are called?

Systemic Dilemma

The level of moral dilemma which involves a wider range of perspectives where people resort to bargaining yet no clear cut solutions are offered is known as?

Personal level

A level of moral dilemma which remains hidden within the individual known as?

Organizational Dilemma

The dilemma which involves conflicts between personal aspirations and goals of the oraganization is known as?

Impartiality

A conscientious moral agent weighs significance, examines facts ,and accepts principle of conduct manifests the second requirement of morality known as?

Reason

The faculty used by human beings in deliberating moral issues is known as?

Ontological Conflicts

The diemma that involves conflicts between two or more moral alternatives, which options or alternatives cannot override one against another is known as?

Epistemic Conflicts

The type of dilemma which involves conflicts between two or more moral requirements and the agent does not know which of the conflicting requirements takes precedence in the situation is known as?

Impartiality

The requirement of morality that refers to giving of consideration to each individuals interest that are equally important in the issue at hand is known as?

Moral reasoning

The process by which moral dilemmas involve identifying the relevant aspects as they are equally weighted, identify the consequences of the actions and consider all aspects prior to decision is known as?