Unit 1 Quiz - Basis of Psych

History BG info and subgfields of psychology for quiz on wed. (Ms.Dalal)

Aristotle

Aristotle

We obtained knowledge and habits through observations and experience --→ nurture

Applied Research

Research that is conducted to solve practical problems or address specific issues in real-world settings. It involves the application of existing knowledge and theories to find practical solutions and inform decision-making.

Basic research

Type of scientific investigation aimed at expanding knowledge, understanding fundamental principles, and exploring new theories. It is not focused on immediate practical applications but forms the basis for applied research. It involves systematic experimentation, observation, and analysis to gain insights into the underlying mechanisms of a phenomenon.

Behaviorism

A psychological approach that focuses on observable behavior rather than internal mental processes. It emphasizes the role of conditioning and reinforcement in shaping behavior.

biopsychosocial approach

An approach that considers the biological, psychological, and social factors that influence an individual's health and well-being. It emphasizes the interconnectedness of these factors and how they interact to shape a person's overall health.

clinical psychology

The branch of psychology that focuses on diagnosing and treating mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders. It involves assessing individuals, providing therapy, and conducting research to improve mental health outcomes.

Cognitive neuroscience

The study of how the brain and mind work together to process information, make decisions, and generate behavior. emphasizes receiving/storing/processing info/thinking/reasoning.

Counseling psychology

branch of psychology that focuses on helping individuals improve their mental health and well-being through therapeutic interventions. It involves a collaborative relationship between a counselor and a client to explore and address emotional, behavioral, and interpersonal issues. Help during a changes/ help to adjust.

Edward Titchener

Prominent psychologist known for introducing structuralism. Studied conscious experience by breaking it down into basic elements. Introspection was not reliable.

Empiricism

• A philosophical approach that emphasizes the importance of experience and evidence in gaining knowledge.

• Rejects the idea of innate ideas or knowledge.

• Advocates for observation, experimentation, and sensory perception to understand the world.

• Key figures: John Locke, David Hume, and Francis Bacon.

• Influenced the development of scientific method and psychology.

Francis Bacon

Philosopher and statesman who pioneered the scientific method. Known for his belief in empirical observation and experimentation to understand the natural world. We make patterns out of everything

Functionalism

A sociological perspective that views society as a complex system made up of interrelated parts working together to maintain social stability and harmony. Focuses on the functions and roles of different social institutions in maintaining social order and equilibrium.

G. Stanley Hall

G. Stanley Hall: American psychologist and educator. Founded the first psychological laboratory in the United States. Pioneered the field of child psychology and developmental psychology. Promoted the concept of adolescence as a distinct stage of development. Influential in establishing psychology as a legitimate scientific discipline.

Humanistic Psychology

Psychological approach emphasizing human potential, growth, and self-actualization. Focuses on individual experiences, subjective perception, and personal growth rather than behavior alone. Stresses the importance of self-awareness, self-acceptance, and personal responsibility in achieving fulfillment and happiness.

Levels of Analysis

The different perspectives used to understand human behavior and mental processes, including the biological, psychological, and social levels.

Mary Whiton Calkins

American psychologist and philosopher who became the first woman to complete all requirements for a Ph.D. in psychology, but was denied the degree by Harvard University due to her gender. She went on to become the first female president of the American Psychological Association and made significant contributions to the field of self-psychology.

Natural Selection

Process by which individuals with traits that are advantageous for their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on those traits to future generations.

Nature v Nurture

The debate between nature and nurture examines the influence of genetics and environment on human development and behavior.

Plato

Greek philosopher who believed in the existence of an ideal world of Forms, where true knowledge could be obtained through reason. He founded the Academy and was a student of Socrates. Minds had innate knowledge.

Psychology

Study of behavior and mental processes; biological and psychological

Psychiatry

Psychiatry is a medical field specializing in the study, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mental illnesses and disorders, provide therapy, and employ various therapeutic techniques to address a wide range of mental health conditions

Rene Descartes

Dualism- mind and body are seen as two separate things that make up the human. physical and non physical

Sigmund Freud

Emphasize role of unconsciousness; psychoanalytic approach included id, super ego, and ego.

Socrates

Agreed w Plato; theorized mind and body were separable, we were born w knowledge that required ‘unlocking’

Willhelm Wundt

“Father of Psychology”, created first psychology research lab. studied reaction time (perception taking longer)

William James

Influenced by evolution and biological inheritance (Darwin) on human mind. Wrote “Principles of Psychology”. Functionalism, why?