communication development

sending a message (verbal, gestures, etc.) to another person, message is received and understood; how we connect with others!

communication

Message: 3 reason why

1 form

2 content

3 function

1. form/means - a way to send/receive message
2. content - something to talk ab
3. function - reason/purpose to communicate

communication function: for behavior regulation

two r’s

requesting, refusing

communication function: for social interaction

• when you’re somewhere why do you communicate

get comfort, show off, greet, initial social routine

communication function: for joint attention

direct another's attention to something/one of interest

communication means: nonverbal

eye contact/gaze, gestures, body language, facial expression

communication means: verbal

vocalizations, spoken works/word approximations

communication means: augmentative and alternate communication (AAC)

aided (picture symbols), unaided (signs)

communication disorder

impairment in ability to receive, send, process, comprehend concepts or verbal/nonverbal/graphic symptom systems: may be evident in process of hearing, lang, speech; may be developmental or acquired; may range in severity; may result in primary disability or may be secondary to other abilities

emergence of reciprocity (i.e., smiling)

Social/Communication Milestones: 3-6mo

response to name

Social/Communication Milestones: 6-9mo

follow attention of others, social referencing prior to approaching novel stimuli, good communication

Social/Communication Milestones: 9-12mo

initiate joint attention; beginning verbal communication; functional play

Social/Communication Milestones: 12-15mo

early pretend play; developing vocabulary of words used in different situations with more or less conventional meanings

Social/Communication Milestones: 15-18mo

0-6mo, interactional exchanges with communication partner

protoconversations

Social/Communication Milestones: 0-6mo

1. infant………
2. protoconversations
3. bonding with………….., ………..responsiveness
4. eye ………
5. increased interest in ………/………

1. infant emotions
2. protoconversations
3. bonding with caregiver, parental responsiveness
4. eye gaze
5. increased interest in toys/objects

infant communication

passive to active communicators, use non-language behaviors, development of gestures and gestures communicative to evoke responses, babies learn that words are acts on other people and other people will respond

developmental domains

overlapping circles:
1. approaches to learning
2. emotional/social dev
3. cognitive dev
4. health/physical dev
5. language dev/communication

infants and toddlers: play development

1. cause/effect
2. relational (two objects go together)
3. functional (using toy keys, etc.)
4. pretend/imaginative
5. sequencing play actions

NICHD Lack of Behaviors Signaling Eval for Autism: communication

1. not respond to name by 12mo
2. not explain what they want
3. not follow ………

4. selective………
5. doesn't point or wave "bye-bye"
6. used to ………. but stopped
7. difficulty initiating ………..
8. limited……..

1. not respond to name by 12mo
2. not explain what they want
3. not follow directions
4. seems to hear sometimes but not other
5. doesn't point or wave "bye-bye"
6. used to say a few words or babble but stopped
7. difficulty initiating communication
8. limited reciprocity

NICHD Lack of Behaviors Signaling Eval for Autism: Stereotyped Behavior

1. gets stuck ……….
2. shows unusual attachments to ………
3. spends alot of time ………….
4. repeats ……….

1. gets stuck doing the same things over and over and can't move on
2. shows unusual attachments to toys/objects/routines
3. spends alot of time lining things up/putting things in certain order
4. repeats words/phrases

NICHD Lack of Behaviors Signaling Eval for Autism: Social Behavior

1. doesn't smile when smiled at
2. poor …….
3. prefers to ………..
4. gets things for self only
5. very independent for age, not interested in ……….
6. seems to be in their own …
7. doesn't point out interesting objects by 14mo
8. doesn't like peek-a-boo

1. doesn't smile when smiled at
2. poor eye contact
3. prefers to play alone
4. gets things for self only
5. very independent for age, not interested in other children, doesn't try to attract parent's attention, doesn't share interests
6. seems to be in their own world/tunes people out
7. doesn't point out interesting objects by 14mo
8. doesn't like peek-a-boo

Window of Tolerance

sensory responses and needs, need to regulate arousal before teaching is effective for child; those with autism may have sensory differences

diagnostic criteria for autism

1. social communication/interaction, deficits in: social-emotional reciprocity, nonverbal communicative behaviors for interaction, developing, maintaining, understanding relationships
2. restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior/interests/activities manifested in at least 2 of the following: stereotyped or repetitive motor movements, object use, speech; insistence on sameness, inflexible adherence to routines, ritualized patterns of verbal/nonverbal behavior; highly restricted, fixated interests that are abnormal in intensity/focus; hyper/hypo reactivity to sensory input or unusual interest in sensory aspects of environment

Developmental and Autism Screening

general dev screen: 9, 18, 30mo
autism screen: 18, 24mo

Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder (ANSD)

nerve sends irreg signals to brain

Skills expected for children who are D/HOH

1. nonverbal communication means, such as eye contact, gesture use, direction of facial expressions
2. shared enjoyment and joint attention
3. social interactions, vocalizations/signs directed toward others
4. functional and imaginative play skills

Signs of autism in a child who is D/HOH

1. reduced pre-linguistic communication skills: joint attention, eye contact, requesting, showing/giving, turn-taking, choice making, pointing/gestures, posturing body for social communication, social smile, imitation;
2. Does not progress in lang skills despite consistent ASL exposure/optimized hearing technology;
3. Reduced social communication/interaction: may not understand function fo language, misunderstands others, doesn't ask questions, gaps in social understanding, not initiating with peers/not enjoying being w others, not tuning into faces of others and flat facial expressions themselves

Pediatric Feeding Disorders (PFD)

impaired oral intake that is not age-appropriate and is associated w: nutritional, feeding skill, medical, psychosocial domains; ranges in severity, may disrupt nutrition, dev skills, and family life

feeding problem

stuck in feeding pattern and failure to progress with feeding skills; need to ID area that interferes with skill advancement in order to treat (problem can occur anywhere along digestive tract: oral, pharyngeal, esophagus, stomach, intestines, anus)

common feeding difficulties

1. oral motor delay
2. extreme picky eating/food refusal
3. swallowing difficulty (pharyngeal dysphagia)
4. limited weight gain and growth/failure to thrive
5. GI issues, G tube dependence

Phases of Swallowing

1. oral
2. pharyngeal
3. esophageal

oral phase of swallowing

sucking, chewing, moving food/liquid into throat

starting swallowing reflex, squeezing food down throat, and closing off airway to prevent food/liquid form entering the airway (aspiration) or to prevent choking

pharyngeal phase of swallowing

relaxing and tightening the openings at the top and bottom of the esophagus and squeezing food through into the stomach

esophageal phase of swallowing

food restriction (and subsequent weight loss, nutritional deficiency) not due to lack of access to food/illness/body image/ED that involves few "safe" foods, fear of choking/vomiting; may require tube feeding

Avoidant-Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID)

potential risk factors for developmental delay

1. ……….. complications
2. fetal ……….. exposure
3. cleft lip/palate
4. prematurity
5. nutrition status
6. other developmental delays (motor, feeding)
7. family history of delays/disorders/mental illness

1. prenatal complications
2. fetal alcohol/drug exposure
3. cleft lip/palate
4. prematurity
5. nutrition status
6. other developmental delays (motor, feeding)
7. family history of delays/disorders/mental illness

sentences w 2-4 words

24mo