Hearing Science - Final

Atresia

• Outer Ear

• Maldevelopment of the external ear canal

Microtia

• Outer Ear

• Maldevelopment of the pinna

Congenital

• Outer Ear

• Present at birth

Conductive Hearing Loss (CHL)

• Outer Ear

• caused by complete blockage of the ear canal

Otitis externa

• Outer Ear

• Inflammation of the outer ear

Hearing loss

Vertigo

Tinnitus

• Inner ear - cochlea

• symptoms of inner ear disorders

Eustachian tube

• Middle Ear

• ear may fill with fluid if it doesn’t function properly

Otosclerosis

• Middle Ear

• Bony growth on stapes and other ossicles

Otitis media

• Middle Ear

• may be acute or chronic

Cholesteatoma

• Middle Ear

• benign tumor

Ossicular discontinuity

• Middle Ear

• Fracture or disarticulation of ossicles

Meniere’s Disease

• Inner ear - cochlea

• episodic attacks of hearing loss, vertigo, and tinnitus

4000 Hz

• Inner ear - cochlea

• cause hair cell damage on the basilar membrane

Ototoxic

• Inner ear - cochlea

• drugs and chemicals that cause sensorineural hearing loss

Connexin 26

• Inner ear - cochlea

• most common genetic mutation of this protein that causes hearing loss

Utricle

Saccule

Ampulla

• Inner ear - vestibular

• three sense organs of the vestibular system

Nystagmus

• Inner ear - vestibular

• twitching or beating of the eyes due to problems with the VOR

Aging

Trauma

Infection

• Inner ear - vestibular

• most common causes of vestibular disorders

Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV)

• Inner ear - vestibular

• disorder that causes vertigo

Labyrinthitis

• Inner ear - vestibular

• inflammation of the vestibular organs due to viral infection

CN 8

Central Auditory Pathways

• Auditory Nervous System

• retrocochlear disorders affect these areas

Cerebellopontine angle (CPA)

• Auditory Nervous System

• where CN 8 enters, common place for tumors

Auditory Neuropathy (ANSD)

• Auditory Nervous System

• dyssynchronous firing of electrical impulses from INC

Difficulty with perception of speech phonemes

• Auditory Nervous System

• results from Retrocochlear hearing loss

Auditory Processing Disorder

• Auditory Nervous System

• disorder of processing auditory info

Acoustic Neuroma

• Acoustic Neuroma

• benign tumor grows on auditory nerve

Presbycusis

Sociocusis

• Inner ear - cochlea

• hearing loss due to aging

Noise induced hearing loss (NIHL)

• Inner ear - cochlea

• occurs at 4000 Hz

Alport’s Syndrom

• Inner ear - cochlea

• onset of hearing loss, urinary issues

Usher’s syndrome

• Inner ear - cochlea

• loss of hearing and vision

Waardenburg’s Syndrome

• Inner ear - cochlea

• white streak in hair, different colored eyes, some mild hearing loss

Mondini

• Inner ear - cochlea

• cochlea didn’t form properly

Enlarged Vestibular Aqueduct Syndrome (EVAS)

• Inner ear - vestibular

• vestibule didn’t form properly

Spatial disorientation

• Inner ear - vestibular

• not knowing where one’s body is

Canalithisasis

• Inner ear - vestibular

• crystals in canals are immobile or stuck

Cupoloithiasis

• Inner ear - vestibular

• crystals are stuck in the hair cells

Mastoiditis

• Middle Ear

• mastoid bone becomes infected