6.3, 6.4: Atmospheric Systems and Societies

Combustion of fossil fuels

________ produces primary pollutants which may generate secondary pollutants and lead to photochemical smog, whose levels can vary by topography, population density and climate.

Pollution management strategies

________: include altering human activities to consume less.

pollution management

The ________ is supported by government regulations and taxations.

Regulate

________: install catalytic converters to reduce carbon emissions produced by factories and automobiles.

Cleanup

________ and restoration measure includes recolonisation of damaged systems.

nitrogen dioxide

The ________ released into the atmosphere is highly reactive and damages crops, which creates respiratory illness and damages fabrics and rubber materials.

Tropospheric Ozone

________ is an example of a secondary pollutant, formed when oxygen molecules react with oxygen atoms that are released from nitrogen dioxide in the presence of sunlight.

Thermal Inversions

________: occur due to a lack of air movement when a layer of dense, cool air is trapped underneath a layer of dense, warm air.

Photochemical smog

________ has significant impacts on societies and living systems.

local topography

The frequency and severity of smog in an area depends on ________, climate, population density and fossil fuel use.

greener lifestyle

A(n) ________ can be implemented by intergovernmental agreements which aids in the mission of the 17 SDG Goals.

Acid

________ comes down as ash or dry pollutants: dry deposition.

Smog

________: is a complex mixture of primary and secondary, of which tropospheric ozone is the main pollutant.

wet deposition

Dry and ________ are forms of converted secondary pollutants.

Primary Pollutants

________: from the combustion of fossil fuels include carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, black carbon /soot, unburned hydrocarbons, oxides of nitrogen, and oxides of sulfur.

ozone

The ________ is found at ground level where it is naturally released by plants and soil where hydrocarbons can be found along with stratospheric ozone.

combustion of fossil fuels

The ________ produces sulphur dioxide, nitrous oxides as primary pollutants.

Photochemical smog

________ can be reduced by decreasing human reliance on fossil fuels.

Acid

________ comes down in the form of rain or snow: wet deposition.

Primary Pollutants

from the combustion of fossil fuels include carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, black carbon/soot, unburned hydrocarbons, oxides of nitrogen, and oxides of sulfur

Smog

is a complex mixture of primary and secondary, of which tropospheric ozone is the main pollutant

Thermal Inversions

occur due to a lack of air movement when a layer of dense, cool air is trapped underneath a layer of dense, warm air

Pollution management strategies

include altering human activities to consume less

Acid deposition

general term for acid coming down from the air

Acid comes down in the form of rain or snow

wet deposition

Acid comes down as ash or dry pollutants

dry deposition

Direct effect

acid on aquatic organisms and coniferous forests

Indirect toxic effect

increased solubility of metal on fish

Indirect nutrient effect

leaking of plant nutrients

Replacing

switching to the use of renewable energy (reducing the use of fossil fuels), use less automobiles and more public transportation, increase energy efficiency

Regulate

install catalytic converters to reduce carbon emissions produced by factories and automobiles

Restoring

add lime to forestry plantations to increase the use of natural resources and forests (decreases the need to export and import which is harmful for the environment)