EVS GRADE 5 TERM 2 - PREVENTION IS BETTER THAN CURE PART 1

What does the World Health Organization define health as?

A state of complete physicalmental and social well-being

What are the three main aspects of good health?

Physical mental and social well-being

What causes infectious diseases?

Pathogens

What does the term pathogen mean?

Disease-causing organism

Name any two types of pathogens.

Bacteria and virus

What are diseases that can spread from one person to another called?

Communicable diseases

Which type of disease is caused by pathogens?

Infectious disease

What is a non-communicable disease?

A disease that does not spread from person to person

Name one bacterial disease that spreads through air.

Tuberculosis

Which bacterium causes typhoid?

Salmonella typhi

Which bacterium causes cholera?

Vibrio cholerae

What is the mode of transmission for cholera?

Contaminated food and water

Which organ is mainly affected by tuberculosis?

Lungs

Which antibiotic treats bacterial infections?

Penicillin

Who discovered penicillin?

Alexander Fleming

In what year was penicillin discovered?

1928

Which mould led to the discovery of penicillin?

Penicillium notatum

What is the use of antibiotics?

To treat bacterial infections

Do antibiotics work against viruses?

No

Which disease is prevented by BCG vaccination?

Tuberculosis

What type of infection is caused by viruses?

Viral infection

Which disease causes rashes and small boils on the body?

Chicken pox

Which viral disease can cause paralysis?

Polio

What is the causative organism of polio?

Polio virus

Which system of the body does polio affect?

Nervous system

What prevents polio infection?

Polio vaccine

Who administers polio vaccination programs in India?

Indian Council of Medical Research

Which disease was the first to be eradicated globally?

Smallpox

Who invented the smallpox vaccine?

Edward Jenner

Which virus causes rabies?

Rabies virus

What is the main symptom of rabies?

Fear of water

How can rabies be prevented?

By vaccinating pet animals

Which mosquito spreads dengue?

Aedes aegypti

At what time are Aedes mosquitoes most active?

Early morning and evening

What are common symptoms of dengue?

High fever and body pain

Which type of organism causes malaria?

Protozoa

Name the protozoa that cause malaria.

Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum

Which mosquito transmits malaria?

Female Anopheles mosquito

What drug is used to treat malaria?

Quinine

From which tree is quinine obtained?

Cinchona tree

Which protozoan disease spreads through contaminated food?

Amoebiasis

What causes amoebiasis?

Amoeba

Which part of the body is affected in amoebiasis?

Intestine

What are common symptoms of amoebiasis?

Stomach cramps and diarrhea

What causes ringworm?

Fungus

Why is ringworm called so?

Because of ring-shaped rash

What causes athlete’s foot?

Fungal infection

Where does athlete’s foot commonly occur?

Between toes

How can fungal infections be prevented?

By keeping skin clean and dry

What causes elephantiasis?

Filarial worms

How does filariasis spread?

Mosquito bite

What happens in elephantiasis?

Swelling of limbs

What is a vector?

An organism that transmits pathogens

Name two vectors of diseases.

Mosquito and housefly

What does a carrier do?

Transports disease-causing organisms

Which insect carries cholera-causing germs?

Housefly

What is the best way to prevent fly-borne diseases?

Keep food covered

Why should we wash hands before eating?

To remove pathogens

Why should nails be kept short?

To prevent dirt and germs from lodging under nails

What is immunity?

Ability of the body to fight infections

Which system helps the body fight diseases?

Immune system

What helps in building immunity?

Balanced diet

What is a balanced diet?

Diet containing all nutrients in right amounts

What is malnutrition?

Lack of required nutrients in diet

What is overnutrition?

Excess intake of nutrients

What can overnutrition lead to?

Obesity

What can malnutrition cause?

Weak immune system

Name one deficiency disease caused by lack of vitamin A.

Night blindness

Name one deficiency disease caused by lack of vitamin C.

Scurvy

Name one deficiency disease caused by lack of vitamin D.

Rickets

Name one deficiency disease caused by lack of vitamin B1.

Beriberi

Which mineral deficiency causes anaemia?

Iron

What are acute diseases?

Diseases that last for a short period

Give an example of an acute disease.

Common cold

What are chronic diseases?

Diseases that last for a long time

Give an example of a chronic disease.

Diabetes

Which type of diseases are caused by improper lifestyle?

Lifestyle diseases

Give two examples of lifestyle diseases.

Obesity and hypertension

What is hypertension?

High blood pressure

What is diabetes?

Disease with excess sugar in blood

What are genetic disorders?

Diseases passed from one generation to another

Give one example of a genetic disorder.

Haemophilia

What happens in haemophilia?

Uncontrolled bleeding

Can genetic disorders be prevented?

No

What helps prevent lifestyle diseases?

Regular physical activity

What kind of exercise helps maintain fitness?

Yoga

Why is sunlight important for health?

Helps body make vitamin D

What does vitamin D help strengthen?

Bones and muscles

What is the importance of vaccination?

Prevents infectious diseases

What is the process of giving vaccines called?

Immunization

Name one viral disease prevented by vaccine.

Measles

Name one disease prevented by anti-rabies vaccine.

Rabies

When should anti-rabies vaccine be taken?

Within 24 hours of bite

What are communicable diseases?

Diseases that can spread from person to person

What are non-communicable diseases?

Diseases that do not spread between people

How can cleanliness prevent disease?

Stops breeding of germs

What is personal hygiene?

Keeping body and surroundings clean

What is mental well-being?

Ability to handle emotions positively

What is social well-being?

Ability to work productively and contribute to society

Which habit helps prevent infections?

Washing hands with soap