3. Skin Infections & Infestations

Folliculitis is a __ infection of the hair follicles.

superficial

The most common pathogen causing Folliculitis is __.

Staphylococcus aureus

Hot Tub Folliculitis is caused by __.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Folliculitis typically presents as multiple, small, scattered, __ papules or pustules.

erythematous

Mild Folliculitis is treated with warm compresses TID, avoiding shaving, and __ antibiotics.

topical

A Furuncle is an infection of the hair follicle that extends through the dermis into __ tissue.

subcutaneous

A Carbuncle is a coalescence of several furuncles forming a single inflammatory mass with __ drainage.

purulent

Oral antibiotics are indicated for Furuncles if the lesion is __ cm or larger.

2

The two main types of Impetigo are __ and Bullous.

Non-bullous

The hallmark clinical finding of Non-bullous Impetigo is __ crusts.

honey-colored

Pathogens that cause Non-bullous Impetigo include Staphylococcus aureus and __.

Group A Beta-hemolytic Streptococcus (Strep pyogenes)

The first-line treatment for mild/localized Non-bullous Impetigo is topical __ TID and warm compresses.

Mupirocin

Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS) is caused by an __ response.

exotoxin-mediated

Nikolsky’s sign is a finding where gentle stroking of the skin causes separation at the __.

epidermis

SSSS is treated with ICU admission, IV fluids, skin care, and IV antibiotics directed at __.

S. aureus

Erysipelas is a __ infection with sharply demarcated, raised borders.

superficial

The most common pathogen causing Erysipelas is __.

Group A Beta-hemolytic Strep (S. pyogenes)

Hallmark symptoms of Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS) include sudden high fever (>__°F).

102

A common historical risk factor for TSS in women is __ use.

tampon

The recommended antibiotic regimen for TSS is Clindamycin + __ + a Penicillin/Beta-lactamase inhibitor.

Vancomycin

Strep Throat is caused by __.

Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Beta-hemolytic Strep)

Clinical features of Strep Throat include sore throat, fever, exudative tonsillitis, tender cervical __, and absence of cough.

lymphadenopathy

The drug of choice for Strep Throat is __ for 10 days.

Penicillin V or Amoxicillin

Scarlet Fever is distinguished from Strep Throat by a __ rash and strawberry tongue.

sandpaper

Potential complications of untreated Strep Throat include Rheumatic Fever and __.

Glomerulonephritis

The Jones Criteria are used to diagnose __ Fever.

Rheumatic

The 5 Major Manifestations of Rheumatic Fever include arthritis, carditis, Sydenham chorea, __ nodules, and erythema marginatum.

subcutaneous

Rheumatic Heart Disease typically affects the __ valve.

mitral

Erythema Infectiosum is caused by __.

Parvovirus B19

The classic clinical presentation of Fifth Disease is a __ appearance followed by a lacy rash.

Slapped Cheek

Parvovirus B19 is dangerous in pregnancy because it can cause fetal loss or severe __.

anemia

The drug of choice for Pediculosis (Lice) is __ topical.

Permethrin (Elimite, Nix)

The pathognomonic sign of Scabies is the __.

Burrow

Pruritus (itching) in Scabies is most severe at __.

night

The standard treatment for Scabies is Permethrin cream __ applied to the entire body.

5%

Bedbug bites typically appear in clusters of __ on exposed skin.

papules/wheals

Bedbug bites usually require __ treatment.

no

The clinical feature described by Pastia lines in Scarlet Fever indicates __ in skin folds.

petechiae

Mild Folliculitis may be non-purulent and presents commonly as __ lesions on the hair follicle.

pustular

Furuncles can progress to form __ if not treated appropriately.

Carbuncles

Two primary treatment options for Furuncles are warm compresses and __ antibiotics.

oral

Impetigo is highly contagious and often seen in __ populations.

children

Clinical differentiation of Erysipelas from Cellulitis is based on the __ of infection.

depth

The main symptom of Toxic Shock Syndrome includes a diffuse __ rash.

sunburn-like

When examining a patient for TSS, which symptom can indicate severe illness? __

hypotension

For effective treatment of TSS, __ usually need to be initiated.

IV antibiotics

The presence of a __ rash can help distinguish Scarlet Fever from Strep Throat.

sandpaper-like

One major complication of Untreated Strep infection is __ fever.

rheumatic

Individuals can exhibit __ behavior due to Sydenham chorea.

involuntary

Antibiotic treatment for Strep essentially reduces the risk of __ fever.

rheumatic

Rheumatic Fever is confirmed when diagnosing criteria fulfill the requirements of the __ Criteria.

Jones

Characteristic signs of Erythema marginatum include a __ pattern.

serpiginous

Scabies mites lay eggs within the __ of the skin.

burrows

Commonly used topical treatment for scabies also involves __ cream.

Permethrin 5%

An adult with predominately nocturnal pruritus should be evaluated for __.

Scabies

Patients with Helminth infections may exhibit __ skin reactions similar to Scabies.

itchy

Dermatological signs in children with Impetigo show _ on the face.

crusted lesions

Scabies transmission occurs primarily through __ contact.

skin-to-skin

Infestation of __ on the scalp can lead to severe itching and discomfort.

lice

The appearance of the rash in Erythema Infectiosum mimics conditions like __ virus infection.

Parvovirus

In adults, untreated Strep infections can lead to __ complications.

post-streptococcal

The clinical presentation of non-bullous Impetigo would appear as small, __ on the skin surface.

vesicles

Signs of systemic involvement with Clindamycin include persistent __ and fever.

symptoms

Children under 6 years old are especially vulnerable to __ Scalded Skin Syndrome.

Staphylococcal

Erysipelas commonly involves the __ of the face and legs.

skin