gcse aqa music vomit

What chords are the basis for a 12-bar blues sequence?

I, IV, V

Antiphony

musical ideas are passed between different groups of instruments

Aria

composition for solo voice, may be accompanied by instruments/full orchestra, part of larger work, usually following a recitiative

Augmentation

widening an interval or lengthening time value of melody notes

Automated Double Tracking

imitates doubled voices/instruments using double tracking, no need for overdubbing

Balance

relative volume levels between instruments to acheive clarity (as used in music production)

What is the blues scale and what example notes make it up?

six-note minor pentatonic scale (added flattened fifth); in C would be C, Eb, F, Gb, G, Bb

What notes make up the pentatonic scale?

1, 2, 3, 5, 6 (flat 3 and 7 in minor)

Blues Note

flattened, typically 3rd or 7th

Break

short instrumental solo, often improvised, used in pop and jazz

Cadenza

towards end of (solo) piece, elabourate flourish

Call and Response

leader plays melody and rest of instruments respond

Canon

melody is imitated after short delay, contrapuntal technique as melodic lines move indepedently of each other

Ceilidh

a social gathering of music and dance, associated with Celtic folk music

Chorus

repeated refrain or large group of singers in choral work/opera

Clave

Cuban popular music rhythm (CATerpilLAR tadPOLE tadPOLE FROG)

Compound Time

metre (time signature) that can be subdivided into three

Contrapuntal

two or more intertwining independent melodies

Consonant

notes that sound “pleasing” when played simultaneously

Continuo

barroque, accompanying part including bassline and harmonies, typically a keyboard instrument accompanied by a bass instrument

Countermelody

secondary melody in counterpoint to original

Counterpoint

relationship between two or more harmonically interdependent and rhythmically/melodically independent lines

Cross Rhythm

effect of two or more conflicting rhythms heard together

Cyclic

musical theme is heard in more than one movement

Distortion

sounds created to alter the sound of amplified electric indtruments

Drone

two notes continuously sounding

Fugue

contrapuntal composition of two or more voices, built on initial theme which is then frequently used in imitation

Grounf Bass

short bass theme which constantly repeats with changing harmonies

Grove

rhythm that deviates from straight beat of the music

Hammer-on

guitar technique, finger is hammered on a fretboard which causes note to sound

Heterophonic

two identical melodies played similtaneously, one is a decoration of the other

Imitation

melody is copied in a different instrument

Inversion

melody turnes upside-down; chord with note other than root in bass

Middle Eight

bridge or middle section in song form, typically 8 bars

Minimalism

style based upon simple repeated patterns and rhythms

Mode

combination of tones and semitones; modes rather than scales

Trill

a note with a long/short duration that temporarily displaces and then resolves onto a main note

Turn

decoration, four notes: above, note itself, below, note itself

Acciaccatura

crushed note, played as quickly as possible before the note that follows

Mordent

note, note above, note

Ostinato

melodic, rhytmic or chordal phrase repeated continuously through section/piece

Pedal Note

single note sustained/repeated in nass against changing harmonies in other parts, normally tonic or dominant, inverted pedal is sustained/repeated note in high register

Phasing

same part on two instruments in a steady but not identical tempo

Pitch Bend

bowed and electronic instruments, player bends the pitch of the note

Polyrhythm

two or more rhythms played simultaneously while moving at the same tempo

Polyphonic

texture consisting of two or more simultaneous lines of independent melody

What styles are encompassed in popular music?

pop, jazz, musical theatre, post-1960 gaming music

Power Chord

selected to sound good when loud and distorted

Pull-off

lightly pulling string (that is already ringing) while removing the finger holding down the note, new note can be played without need of re-picking, opposite of hammer on

Raga

scale pattern/melodic motif used as basic for melodic improvisation in Indian classical music

Recitative

vocal writing, music follows rhythm of speech, in oratorios/operas is a short section for solo voice to move the story along

Requiem

sacred composition in context of funeral service

Reverb

persistence of sound after it has been produced

Scotch Snap

rhythmic pattern of a short note followed by a long note

Sequence

restatement of melodic or harmonic passage at a lower pitch

Skanking

reggae technique, strumming pattern in which the upbeat is more prominent than the down stroke

Slide Guitar/Bottleneck

metal or glass tube on finger slides across the frets to create a glissando effect

Sonata

composition for one or more solo instruments, usually consisting of 3/4 independent movements of varying key, mood and tempo

Sonata Form

structure consisting of an exposition, a development, and a recapitulation

Strophic

verse or passage repeated; in a strophic song, every verse or chorus is sung to the same music

Tabla

pair of different-sized hand drums used in Indian music, play the tala/tal (rhythm)

Tambura

long-necked, plucked, plays drone in Indian music

Tonal Ambiguity

largely tonal but not in one specific key

Vamping

repeating musical figure used as repeated accompaniment in intros or solos, used in jazz, musical theatre etc.

Walking Bass

baseline of non-syncopated notes of equal value, often found in jazz and baroque