Protestant Reformation & Caring For Our World - (Exam Revision)

indulgence

payment to the Catholic Church believed to reduce punishment for sins

How were indulgences abused prior to the Protestant Reformation?

- clergy exploited these for financial gain, selling excessive pardons and falsely claiming papal authority to forgive sins

- became a revenue source for church-building and hospitals

What other abuses were occurring before the Protestant Reformation (NAP)?

- the Church exploited wealth through tithes, benefiting clergy and Rome

- many clergy ignored their duties, focusing on wealth and comfort

- nepotism

- absenteeism

- pluralism

Martin Luther

a German monk who studied theology and became a Bible lecturer

What was Martin Luther's role in the Protestant Reformation?

Luther challenged Church practices, believing that the Bible was the only source of authority and that salvation came through faith alone, not good works or indulgences; he created the 95 Theses

What are some differences in teachings between Luther's and the Church's?

- Luther believed salvation came through faith alone

- The Church believed a mixture of faith and good works was necessary for salvation

- Luther did not believe the Pope's infallibility, criticised indulgences, and recognised only two sacraments

What was the Council of Trent?

a meeting of the Roman Catholic leaders, called by Pope Paul III, in response to the issues of the Protestant Reformation

Who was the Pope who called the Council of Trent?

Pope Paul III called it

What change did the Council of Trent implement?

change: all clerics must reside in their posts, correcting officials who never spent time in their parishes, but paid others to look after them while taking the profit

Gaudium et Spes

'the joys and the hopes'

Who was the Pope who called the Second Vatican Council?

Pope John XXIII called it

What are the dates of the Second Vatican Council?

1962 - 1965

What was the purpose of the Second Vatican Council?

to modernise the Catholic Church, update church practices, and improve relations with other religions and society

papal social teaching

- teachings of the Pope throughout the Church's history, dealing with the social issues of human life

- provides a moral framework for dignity, guiding Catholics in social and economic issues

What is an example of a papal social teaching?

the Church's commitment to prioritising the needs and rights of the vulnerable

encyclical

- a formal letter by the Pope which teaches faith and morality, providing guidance to the Church and its teachings on contemporary issues

What are some common issues addressed in encyclicals (HSC)?

- human rights

- social justice

- Church's role in the world

Who was the Pope who wrote 'Peace on Earth'?

Pope John XXIII wrote it

What is the fundamental principle discussed in 'Peace on Earth'?

principle: the inherent dignity and equality of all human beings, where everyone must be treated with respect regardless of their characteristics

Why do all human beings have dignity according to 'Peace on Earth'?

- because all humans are created in the image and likeness of God and have inherent worth, where this dignity is not based on human qualities, but a part of their being

mission (religious)

the Church's work to share the Gospel, serve those in need, and promote justice and peace

mission (general)

an important goal accompanied by strong conviction

How can missions be carried out (ETD)?

- spiritual missions (evangelism)

- educational missions (teaching)

- cultural missions (discipleship)

Through what ways does Vinnies demonstrate 2 CST principles?

through charitable works and advocacy

What 2 CST principles does Vinnies demonstrate?

- Preferential Option for the Poor

- Dignity of the Human Person

preferential option for the poor

calls Catholics to prioritise the needs of the vulnerable

dignity of the human person

teaches all people are created in God's image, deserving respect and equal treatment

How do Vinnies live out preferential option for the poor?

live out this principle through practical programs that provide aid to the disadvantaged

How do Vinnies live out dignity of the human person?

live out this principle by fairly treating the disadvantaged with compassion

What is an example for preferential option for the poor in Vinnies (VV)?

- Vinnies Vans deliver food, hygiene items, and emotional support to people sleeping rough - about building dignity in those overlooked by society

- offers financial help and emergency housing, ensuring relief and long-term support is given

What is an example for dignity of the human person (RMSP)?

- refugee and migrant support programs help migrants settle into the community with access to housing and English classes, ensuring their basic rights and dignity are respected

Conclusively summarise how Vinnies demonstrates CST

by prioritising the poor and upholding dignity, Vinnies bring CST principles to life, making a difference in Australians' lives

What 5 factors led to the Protestant Reformation?

- fear of Purgatory

- the Black Death

- abuses of indulgences

- corruption in the Church

- teachings of Martin Luther

95 Theses

a list of arguments written by Martin Luther criticising the Catholic Church

Purgatory

a place where souls are purified before entering heaven

What was one major effect of the Protestant Reformation?

it led to the creation of many different Christian denominations

What are some differences in beliefs between Catholics and Protestants?

- belief in one god and purgatory

- salvation through faith alone or faith and good works

Counter-Reformation

The Catholic Church's response to the Protestant Reformation

the Black Death

a deadly plague that swept through Europe

What happened as a result of Martin Luther's teachings?

- as a result, the Reformation spread across Europe, with various leaders adapting Luther's ideas

- Lutheranism spread

- Protestantism spread

salvation

the state of being saved from sin and its consequences

good works

actions or deeds that align with God's love and teachings

Pacem in Terris

'Peace on Earth'