Protestant Reformation & Caring For Our World - (Exam Revision)

indulgence

payment to the Catholic Church believed to reduce punishment for sins

How were indulgences abused prior to the Protestant Reformation?

- clergy exploited indulgences for financial gain, selling excessive pardons and falsely claiming papal authority to forgive sins

- became a revenue source for church-building and hospitals

What other abuses were occurring before the Protestant Reformation (NAP)?

- the Church exploited wealth through tithes, benefiting clergy and Rome

- many clergy ignored their duties, focusing on wealth and comfort

- nepotism

- absenteeism

- pluralism

Martin Luther

a German monk who studied theology and became a Bible lecturer

Martin Luther’s role in the Protestant Reformation

Luther challenged Church practices, believing that the Bible was the only source of authority and that salvation came through faith alone, not good works or indulgences; he created the 95 Theses

What are some differences in teachings between Luther's and the Church's?

- Luther believed salvation came through faith alone

- The Church believed both faith and good works was needed for salvation

- Luther did not believe in the Pope's infallibility and recognised only two sacraments

council of trent

a meeting of the Roman Catholic leaders, called by Pope Paul III, in response to the issues of the Protestant Reformation

Who called the Council of Trent?

Pope Paul III called it

What change did the Council of Trent implement?

all clerics must reside in their posts, correcting officials who never spent time in their parishes, but paid others to look after them while taking the profit

Gaudium et Spes

'the joys and the hopes'

Who called the Second Vatican Council?

Pope John XXIII called it

second vatican council dates

1962 - 1965

second vatican council purpose

to modernise the Catholic Church, update church practices, and improve relations with other religions and society

papal social teaching

teachings of the Pope throughout the history of the Church that have dealt with the social issues of human life, providing a moral framework for dignity

example of a papal social teaching

pst: the Church's commitment to prioritising the needs and rights of the vulnerable

encyclical

a formal letter by the Pope which teaches faith and morality, providing guidance to the Church and on contemporary issues

What are some common issues addressed in encyclicals (HSC)?

- human rights

- social justice

- Church's role in the world

Who wrote Peace on Earth?

Pope John XXIII wrote it

What is the fundamental principle discussed in Peace on Earth?

principle: all human beings have inherent dignity and sacredness, and everyone must be treated with respect regardless of their characteristics

Why do all human beings have dignity according to Peace on Earth?

- because all humans are created in the image of God and have inherent worth

- this dignity is not based on human qualities, but a part of their being

mission (religious)

the Church's work to share the Gospel, serve those in need, and promote justice and peace

mission (general)

an important goal accompanied by strong conviction

How can missions be carried out (ETD)?

- spiritual missions (evangelism)

- educational missions (teaching)

- cultural missions (discipleship)

preferential option for the poor in Vinnies

Vinnies Vans deliver food and emotional support to people sleeping rough - builds dignity in those overlooked by society, offers financial help and emergency housing

dignity of the human person in Vinnies

refugee and migrant support programs help migrants settle into the community with access to housing and English classes, ensuring their dignity is respected

factors leading to the Protestant Reformation (FBACT)

- fear of Purgatory

- Black Death

- abuses of indulgences

- corruption in the Church

- teachings of Martin Luther

purgatory

a place where souls are purified before entering heaven

What are some differences in beliefs between Catholics and Protestants?

- belief in purgatory

- salvation through faith alone or faith and good works

- protestants follow sola scriptura and believe the Bible is the sole infallible source of religious authority

- catholics include tradition and believe scripture and church tradition are sources of religious authority

the Black Death

a deadly plague that swept through Europe

What happened as a result of Martin Luther's teachings?

the Reformation spread across Europe, with various leaders adapting Luther's ideas, lutheranism and protestantism spread

salvation

the state of being saved from sin and its consequences

good works

actions or deeds that align with God's love and teachings

Pacem in Terris

'Peace on Earth'