APHUG Unit 3 (Culture)

cultural trait

A single element of normal practice in a culture, such as the wearing of a turban.

Culture

the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next

place

A specific point on Earth distinguished by a particular character.

place making

the way people lay claim to, take ownership of, or otherwise personalize a portion of space

sense of place

Feelings evoked by people as a result of certain experiences and memories associated with a particular place.

artifact

an object made by a human being, typically an item of cultural Visible, physical objects created by a culture

Sociofact

he ways in which people organize society (institutions) and relate to one another (behave)

Family structures, School/Education, Government,

Religion , Laws, Gender Roles

mentifact

The ideas, beliefs, values and knowledge of a culture.

Religious Beliefs, Language, Food Preferences & Taboos, What you think and believe

popular culture

cultural patterns that are widespread among a society's population, quick to change, time-space compression helps their spread

traditional culture

tends to be more rural culture, slower to change, among isolated groups

cultural norms

Agreed upon cultural practices or standards that guide the behavior of a culture

Cultural taboos

activities or behaviors that are avoided or prohibited by a particular cultural group

Ethnocentrism

evaluation of other cultures according to preconceptions originating in the standards and customs of one's own culture.

cultural relativism

not judging a culture but trying to understand it on its own terms

cultural landscape

the visible imprint of human activity and culture on the landscape. It reflects values, beliefs and practices of the culture

sense of place

The feeling that an area has a distinct and meaningful character

centripetal force

An attitude that tends to unify people and enhance support for a group

centrifugal force

a force that divides people and countries

Cultural Realms of the Western Hemisphere

Anglo and Latin America

Shia and Sunni

Two main branches of Islam

lingua franca

A language mutually understood and commonly used in trade by people who have different native languages

relocation diffusion

The spread of a feature or trend through bodily movement of people from one place to another.

Hierarchical Diffusion

The spread of an idea from persons or nodes of authority or power to other persons or places

Expansion Diffusion

The spread of a feature or trend among people from one area to another in a snowballing process.

Stimulus Diffusion

a form of diffusion in which a cultural adaptation is created as a result of the introduction of a cultural trait from another place

adherents

believers, followers (often of a religion)

Denomination

A division of a branch of a religion that unites a number of congregations in a single legal and administrative body.

Catholicism/Protestantism/Orthodoxy

Three main branches of Christianity

sect

a relatively small group that has separated from an established denomination. Their beliefs are not widely accepted

Acculturation

People within one culture adopt some traits from the other culture.

Assimilation

One culture abandons original culture

Adopts another culture (indistinguishable)

Sometimes voluntary, other times forced

Syncretism

Two culture's traits blend together = a new cultural trait. Through contact (imperialism, military conquest, immigration or intermarriage)

religious syncretism

the blending of features of two or more religions into a new style of religion. Santeria in Cuba (African religion + Catholicism)

Multiculturalism

Acceptance and tolerance of different cultures which exist in close proximity to one another

Cultural Appropriation

inappropriate adoption of an element or elements of one culture or identity by members of another culture or identity

cultural convergence

The tendency for cultures to become more alike as they increasingly share technology and organizational structures in a modern world united by improved transportation and communication.

cultural divergence

The likelihood or tendency for cultures to become increasingly dissimilar

barriers to diffusion

Cultural or political (taboo)

Language barriers

Physical barriers

Creole language

a language that began as a pidgin language but was later adopted as the mother tongue by a people in a place of the mother tongue

pidgen language

When parts of two or more languages are combined in a simplified structure and vocabulary

language family

A collection of languages related to each other through a common ancestor long before recorded history.

Language Branch

a collection of languages within a family related through a common ancestral language that existed several thousand years ago

Language Group

A collection of languages within a branch that share a common origin in the relatively recent past and display relatively few differences in grammar and vocabulary.

Ethnonationalism

The identification and loyalty a person may feel for his or her nation. A form of nationalism in which the "nation" is defined in terms of ethnicity

Pilgrimage

A journey to a place considered sacred for religious purposes.

prosyletize

spread of religion - to persuade or convert to a religion