Chem 102 Final Exam Study Guide

What is the equation of temperature in Kelvin?

K = °C + 273.15

What is the density formula?

D=mass/volume

What is the isotope formula?

A = number of protons + number of neutrons

Atomic Mass = Σ(fraction of isotope) x (mass of isotope)

What is the Empirical Formula?

Molecular mass = n x empirical mass

How do you find the molarity?

M=moles/Liter

M1V1 = M2V2

How do you find the percent yield?

% Yield = (Actual yield/Theoretical yield) x 100%

What is the Ideal Gas formula?

PV=nRT

D = P * MM /(RT)

How do you find the heat?

Q = mCsDeltaT

What is the formula for finding light?

C = λν

E = hc/λ

What is the order of orbital filling?

1s2s2p3s3p4s3d4p5s4d5p6s

What is the equation for the Formal Charge?

FC = # of valence e- - # of nonbonding e- - ½ # bonding e-

What are the prefix Multipliers?

What are the Polyatomic Ions?

How does the solubility rules work?

How do you draw a Lewis Structure?

Step 1: Count all valance electrons

Step 2: Draw the least electronegative atom in the center with the other atoms spaced evenly around it

Step 3: Draw single bonds to the central atom

Step 4: Complete octets with remaining electrons for the outer atoms first and add remaining electrons (if any) to the central atoms

Step 5: Complete the center atoms octet by making covalent bond(s) using the lone pair electrons from an outer atom of your choice

Step 6: Depending on which electrons you move in Step 5, a variety of resonance structure can be determined

What are the rules of assigning oxidation states?

Step 1: free elements have an oxidation state = 0

Step 2: monatomic ions have an oxidation state equal to their charge

Step 3: (a) the sum of the oxidation states of all the atoms in a compound is 0

(b) the sum of the oxidation states of all the atoms in a polyatomic ion equals the charge on the ion

Step 4:, (a) Group I metals have an oxidation state of +1 in all their compounds

(b) Group II metals have an oxidation state of +2 in all their compounds

5. In their compounds, nonmetals have oxidation states according to the table below

(nonmetals higher on the table take priority)

Prefix Practice: Convert 60 micrometers to millimeters

0.06 Millimeters

Prefix Practice: Convert 30 centimeters to micrometers

300,000 Micrometers

Prefix practice: Convert 80 kilometers to centimeters

8,000,000 Centimeters

Polyatomic ion Practice: What is the formula for Calcium Phosphate?

Ca3(PO4)2

Polyatomic ion Practice: What is the name for this formula: NaC2H3O2

Sodium Acetate

Polyatomic ion Practice: What is the formula be for Copper(II) Nitrate?

Cu(NO3)2

Solubility Practice: Is Calcium Phosphate soluble?

No

Solubility Practice: Is Potassium Chloride soluble?

Yes

Solubility Practice: True or false? Zinc Sulfate is soluble

True, it is soluble!

Oxidation State Practice: What is the oxidation state of Al2O3??

Al = 3+

O = 2-

Oxidation State Practice: What is the oxidation state of HNO2?

H = 1+

N = 3+

O = 2-

Oxidation State Practice: True or false? The oxidation state of PO4^-3 is

P = 5+

O = 2-

True