cognitive concepts - ib sl psych

Vocabulary flashcards based on lecture notes for cognitive psychology review.

Two-factor theory of emotion

Emotion arises from physiological arousal and a cognitive label of the arousal.

Multi-Store Model of Memory

A simple representation of human memory with three distinct stores: sensory store, short-term memory, and long-term memory.

Sensory Store

The first store in the Multi-Store Model of Memory, where information is picked up by the senses.

Short-Term Memory Store

The second store in the Multi-Store Model of Memory, capable of storing 7 to 9 items for about 30 seconds.

Long-Term Memory Store

The third store in the Multi-Store Model of Memory, with unlimited capacity and duration, storing information semantically.

Working Memory Model

Expands the short-term memory component of the MSM, divided into the phonological loop, visuo-spatial sketchpad, central executive, and episodic buffer.

Phonological Loop

A component of the Working Memory Model that stores sound-based information.

Visuo-Spatial Sketchpad

A component of the Working Memory Model that stores visual and spatial information.

Central Executive

The control system of the Working Memory Model, managing the flow of information.

Episodic Buffer

A component of the Working Memory Model that stores episodes and their associations, linking to long-term memory.

Schema Theory

A framework for knowledge organization of the world, events, people, and actions, influencing knowledge and beliefs.

Heuristics

Simple rules that aid in decision-making, focusing on one factor while ignoring the rest to rapidly reach a decision.

Anchoring and Adjustment

A heuristic that uses a previous statement or suggestion to form a decision, acting as the anchor.

Reconstructive Memory

The theory that human memory isn’t an exact copy of events, but a reconstruction altered over time.

Cognitive Bias

Illogical errors in thinking that negatively affect decision making.

Rational Thinking

Also known as system 2 thinking, it is relatively slow, logical, purposeful, and requires more cognitive effort.

Intuitive Thinking

Also known as system 1 thinking, it is relatively fast, automatic, and requires minimal cognitive effort.