ANSCI - Exam 1

Total US pet industry has grown over the years.

True

What is the main reason for $15 billion dollar increase in US pet industry expenditures from 2020-2021?

Covid-19

The most money is spent on which sector of US pet industry?

Pet food + treats

What horomone plays a role in connection between humans and animals

oxytocin

Selection of juveline charateristics

neoteny

How does mutual gazing impact bonding?

Human and dogs gazing at each other create a positive oxytocin feedback loop, and strengthen their bond.

“Domestication of Social Cognition in Dogs” compares dogs with what species when interpreting social cues?

Chimps and wolves

What dogs are considered assistance dogs?

Service dogs and guide dogs

Which evaluations are performed on assistance dogs in training to ensure they are fit for service work?

Eye CERF, hip and elbow x-rays, behavior checklist (BCL)

What 2 evaluations must be completed by an assistance dog team for them to be certified by Assistance Dogs International?

Skills assessment and public access test

Miacids

Ancestor of all carnivores, were small tree dwelling animals with carnassial teeth.

What was the first species to be domesticated and what is their ancestor?

Dogs; grey wolf

T/F Behavioral traits can be more quickly manipulated compared to morphological traits?

True

Scientific name for domestic cat?

Felis silvestris catus

What is the ancestor of the domestic cat?

African wild cat

What is the original wildtype pattern of a cat’s coat?

Mackerel tabby

Physical changes in the russian fox experiment

More white fur and curled tails that wag

Domestic cats have evolved to eat plant matter which caused what physiological change?

Elongated intestinal tract - cats can eat fibrous plant matter, can get more nutrients from human scraps.

Dog “type” that originated from large wolves in sub-artic regions

mastiff

How many AKC groups are there?

7

Are livestock guardian dogs (great pyrenees) in AKC herding group?

No

Headers

Herding style - dogs such as the border collie will use their strong gaze to influence the movement of animals. suitable for sheep.

Heelers

Herding style - dogs will nip or body slam animals to control their movements. Corgis use this method. Best suited for cattle

How many cat breeds are recognized

45

Which cat has the “hunting gaze”

American bobtail

Tail-less cat

Manx

Cat that molts twice a year and can get sunburnt

Lyoki

Slowest maturing cat breed

siberian

Water-resistant coat known for their love of water?

Turkish Van

TPLO surgery corrects what condition?

Ruptured cruciate ligament (torn ACL)

Skipping in the rear is characteristic of what

Patellar luxation

Site of gas exchange in circulatory system

Arteries/Arterioles

Portal circulation occurs between the capillaries of what two organs in the body?

GI tract + the liver

The lymphatic system is a subset of which two systems?

Circulatory and immune systems

Components of lymphatic system

bone marrow, thymus, tonsils, spleen, lymph nodes

Vertebral Heart Score

VHS is used to determine heart size. It is measured through a radiograph image of the chest, and taking measurements of the lateral and vertical axes of the heart with calipers, lining this with the vertebrae, then adding together for the total score.

Nutrient deficiency in what can cause dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)

Taurine

What transmits heartworm to dogs and cats

mosquitos

Most common skin cancer in dogs that starts with the immune system

Mast cell tumors

Cancer of the white blood cells. Very deadly without treatment

Lympohoma

A collapsed trachea can be caused by?

Allergies, collar misuse, nutrition, and genetics

Where are sweat glands located on dogs and cats?

paw pads

What is a dogs normal body temperature and what is fatal

102; 105

This waste product is produced by musles and filtered into urine. It is an important indicator of kidney function if it gets too high in the blood.

Creatinine

T/F the ideal urine ph for cats is lower than the ideal urine ph for dogs

True

What should not be detected in healthy urine?

Glucose, ketones, blood, or protein

What stone decelops due to a lack of a microbe in the gut

Oxalate

Why are male cats more prone to stone development? How are these stones resolved?

A narrower urethra is prone to build up. Can be resolved by surgery and sometimes an ultrasound.

Do dogs and cats have alpha amylase in their saliva?

No

Where does protein digestion start in a dog or cat?

Stomach

Where does nutrient absorption primarily occur?

small intestine

If your dog has a yellow tinge to skin/gums, what organ is likely affected?

Liver

Low production of insulin

Type 1 diabetes

Too much thyroid horomone

Hyperthyroidism

Too much cortisol

Cushing’s disease

What is the “brain” of the endocrine system?

Hypothalamus

Is Type 1 diabetes more common in dogs or cats?

Dogs

How can diabetes be treated in dogs/cats?

High protein diet, low carb diet, exercise, and insulin injections.

What are all puppies born with

Internal parasites

What cannot be vaccinated for in cats?

FIP and FIV

Why does AVMA not allow vaccines in the scruff of cats.

Risk of sarcoma developed, surgery is risky in scruff vs arm/leg.

Rate of compression for dog

100-120 per minute

What is the rate of breaths to give a dog?

2 breaths; 30 compressions

Needle angle for SQ injection?

45 degree

What is the most common GI parasite in dogs/cats?

Roundworm

A dog with fever and lameness after hiking may be suffering from?

Lyme disease

Stool with foul smell

Giardia

T/F domestic cats are rarely affected by toxoplasma

T

In dogs is short hair or long hair dominant?

Short hair

What will a double merle puppy have?

blindness and many health problems

What phenotype will a lab display with EEBB?

Black

What phenotype will a lab display with Eebb?

Brown

What phenotype will a lab display with eeBB?

Yellow

What phenotype will a lab display with eebb?

Yellow

Merle dog that is not phenotypically merle but is genotypically merle?

Cryptic Merle

T/F all cats are geneticall tabby

True

Epistasis

Interaction of genes at different loci, one hides/masks the other

Modifier Gene

Alters the phenotypic expression of another gene

Work together to express phenotype, none dominate

Additive

3 genotypes; 3 phenotypes

Incomplete dominance

3 genotypes; 2 phenotypes

Complete dominance

Pet food industry uses what energy partitoning system?

Metabolizable energy

NFE is a calculated estimate of which nutrient?

Carbohydrates

Does ASH need to be on the guaranteed analysis of pet food?

No

Nutrient values on pet food are on a _____ basis

As-fed

Why are carbohydrates in pet food?

Source of easily digestible energy

Most common food allergy in dogs?

proteins

Essential fatty acid for cats but not dogs

AA (Arachidonic acid)

Can dogs and cats synthesize vitamin D from the sun?

No

What is the key ingredient in extrusion?

Starch

Do raw diets often cause safety concerns for pets?

No

In order for a female to have mature oocytes available during estrus, what structures must grow and develop on the ovary?

Follicles

Are dogs monoestrous or polyestrous?

Monoestrous

Skeletal structure in male dog reproductive system

OS penis

Is it more likely for cats or dogs to have superfecundation occur?

Dogs

Can you detect pregnancy in dogs with normal pee test to check horomones?

No

Which horomone is high when a follicle is present?

Estrogen

Which horomone is high when a CL is present?

progesterone

What is removed during a routine spay?

Uterus and ovaries

Dogs have a ____ uterus

Bicornuate