History of Ohio-Exam #1

Squaw Campaign

Squaw-derogatory term for NA women, usually mothers

-General Hand marches into Ohio territory

-doesn’t find any NA’s because they have been forewarned and fled prior to his arrival

-Instead finds a Delaware/Lenape tribe of only women & children (men off fighting)

-slaughters them

-nicknamed the “Squaw Campaign” to highlight his “great victory” was over women and children

Proclamation Line of 1763

-line drawn by British to distinguish where Americans could settle and where they could not (westward)

-American soldiers had been promised land grants cuz the country couldn’t afford to pay them; this screws them over

-British soldiers turn into policing force to ensure the boundary is respected

→because of this, British are no longer seen as allies to Americans

-poorly enforced

Middle Ground

-term coined by Richard White (one of the leading historians of the time)

-describes the space in the northwest territory where 3 main groups intersected; French, British-Americans, & indigenous populations (haudenosaunee) AND their interactions

-NA’s able to use dynamic between French & British-Americans to play them off of one another

Logan’s Lament

-Logan had been fond of/friends w/ white folk

-until his entire family killed by white settlers who had invited them into a tavern & trapped them

-Logan becomes the leader of a resistance, gets his revenge

-when Europeans call for help in the battle of Point Pleasant Logan refuses, highlighting the continuous injustices done to NA’s in what became known as “Logan’s Lament” and stating he will not fight anymore as there is no one left to mourn.

Pontiac’s Rebellion

-Neolin argued NA’s needed to look past their differences & join forces against the British

-NA populations had been devastated by disease & slaughter

-encouraged NA’s to boycott and turn from all things European

Gnadenhutton Massacre

-March of 1782

-a Pennsylvanian militia led by Lieutenant Colonel Williamson

-march into village of Lenape tribe (a pacifist group that had converted to Christianity) & slaughter them after accusing them of the deaths of a nearby family

-remembered as a “massacre” and tragedy solely because the were Christians

-sets precedent for NA & European relationship for duration of American Revolution

Northwest Ordinance

-written by the Articles of Confederation Congress in 1787

-establishes the plan and guidelines for which states were to be formed out of this newly acquired territory

-establishes;

freedom of religion

right to due process (jury of peers, speedy trial, assumption of innocence)

provides funding for education

respect for NA lands

outlaws slavery forever

ESTABLISHES PRECEDENCE FOR IDEOLOGY OF ENTIRE NATION AS IT DEVELOPS

Frederick Jackson Turner

-wrote a historiography “Significant of the Frontier” in 1893

-created field of mid-western history