OEC 6th Edition Chapter 20

Which of the following functions is not one of the several functions of bones?

A) Providing structure and form for body tissues

B) Protecting vital organs

C) Responding to sensory nerve stimulation to protect skin and other tissues

D) Producing red blood cells

C) Responding to sensory nerve stimulation to protect skin and other tissues

All of the following terms describe a type of bone except:

A) long.

B) short.

C) flat.

D) irregular.

B) short.

An example of a joint that permits very little movement of the bones involved is the:

A) hip.

B) shoulder.

C) acromioclavicular.

D) elbow.

C) acromioclavicular.

Which of the following terms does not describe a type of joint?

A) Ball-and-socket

B) Hinge

C) Slightly moveable

D) Post

D) Post

The type of muscle found in the forearm is:

A) skeletal muscle.

B) smooth muscle.

C) cardiac muscle.

D) contractor muscle.

A) skeletal muscle.

The structure responsible for transmitting the force of a contracting skeletal muscle to a bone is a:

A) tendon.

B) ligament.

C) cartilage.

D) joint.

A) tendon.

While you are putting wood into your wood stove, your hand comes in contact with the hot surface. Your body responds by pulling your hand away from the heat. How is this action accomplished?

A) One or more skeletal muscles receive a signal from the brain to contract.

B) The smooth muscles in the arm automatically respond to heat.

C) You use conscious thought to pull your hand from the heat.

D) Extension of the ligaments in the elbow joint pulls the lower arm up.

A) One or more skeletal muscles receive a signal from the brain to contract.

A fracture of a bone will cause bleeding, and a hematoma forms around the fracture site. Over the next several weeks, this hematoma organizes into a substance called:

A) a callus.

B) calcium.

C) cartilage.

D) a synovium.

A) a callus.

Which of the following musculoskeletal tissues does not heal well?

A) Tendon

B) Ligament

C) Muscle

D) Cartilage

D) Cartilage

A patient for whom you recently provided care stops by to thank you. He reports that he was diagnosed with a strain to his lower right leg. Which of the following structures is the primary structure affected in that injury?

A) A joint

B) A ligament

C) A muscle

D) A bone

C) A muscle

Your secondary assessment of a patient who is complaining of pain in his right leg reveals an opening in the skin where the fractured tibia broke through the skin and retreated back into the leg. You would recognize this injury as a(n):

A) open fracture.

B) closed fracture.

C) laceration.

D) partial fracture.

A) open fracture.

The finding that upon muscle contraction the active motion of a joint is reduced or lost suggests:

A) a dislocation.

B) a ligament strain.

C) torn cartilage.

D) a ruptured tendon.

D) a ruptured tendon.

Which of the following statements indicates that an OEC technician has a good understanding of what a joint dislocation is?

A) "If a joint is dislocated, the patient can move it without pain."

B) "A dislocation is a separation or displacement of the bones of a joint."

C) "A distal pulse is absent only in the case of a fracture."

D) "Patients with a joint dislocation experience very little pain."

B) "A dislocation is a separation or displacement of the bones of a joint."

Displacement of the bones of a joint is known as:

A) a dislocation.

B) a fracture.

C) a strain.

D) a sprain.

A) a dislocation.

The most commonly dislocated joint in the body is:

The shoulder

A 42-year-old man has fallen 25 feet while rock climbing. He hit the ground feet first and suffered open fractures to both tibias, which are protruding through the skin. When you arrive, you note the scene is safe, and the patient is responding to painful stimuli. His airway is open, his breathing is adequate, his radial pulse is strong and rapid, and your patient is alert and oriented. At this point in his care, it is a priority for you to:

A) cover him to help prevent shock.

B) perform a secondary survey to look for other injuries.

C) obtain a medical history from his friends.

D) immobilize the fractures.

B) perform a secondary survey to look for other injuries.

Your patient fell 20 feet onto his shoulder. Which of the following signs or symptoms indicates the highest probability that the humerus has been fractured?

A) Angulation

B) Pain in the right upper arm

C) Swelling in the upper arm

D) Decreased sensation in the right hand

A) Angulation

Your friend tells you that he wants to try snowboarding. He is concerned about his safety and asks you which type of fracture is most common in snowboarders. You learned in your OEC training that this injury involves the:

A) humerus.

B) elbow.

C) tibia.

D) radius.

D) radius.

A common injury to the carpal bones among snowboarders who fall forward on an outstretched hand is a fractured:

A) scaphoid.

B) ulna.

C) radius.

D) thumb.

A) scaphoid.

A snowboarder's fall over the toe side of the board onto an outstretched hand is known as the:

A) "Drop back."

B) "Twist."

C) "Dog drag."

D) "Mousetrap."

D) "Mousetrap."

The _____________ can be injured when a hip is dislocated, resulting in numbness or paralysis of a lower extremity.

A) cranial nerve

B) sciatic nerve

C) tibial nerve

D) central nervous system

B) sciatic nerve

Comminuted fracture

Type of bone fracture where bone breaks into multiple pieces

The most frequent injury in skiing is a:

Knee sprain

You respond to a 9-year-old boy who was injured in the terrain park. He is complaining of pain in his right wrist. Upon examination, you note deformity and swelling of the right wrist, pinkness of the right hand, and a strong radial pulse. Which of the following actions would be part of the proper care for this boy?

A) Straighten the wrist to promote blood flow to the hand.

B) Maintain the wrist below the level of the heart to decrease swelling.

C) Apply a cold pack to the wrist to reduce swelling.

D) Massage the wrist gently to decrease the pain.

C) Apply a cold pack to the wrist to reduce swelling.

You are treating a patient who is complaining of moderate pain in the right knee. The knee is swollen, discolored, and flexed about 45 degrees. CMS is intact. How would you treat this patient?

A) Place the patient on a long spine board and transport to the aid room, where you can examine the injury more efficiently.

B) Straighten the injured knee and then immobilize it by attaching it to the other leg.

C) Splint the knee in the position found before moving the patient.

D) Apply a traction splint and straighten the knee until the pain is decreased.

C) Splint the knee in the position found before moving the patient.

Fascia

Connective tissue separating/supporting muscles, organs, blood vessels, and nerves

Open fracture vs closed

Skin disrupted vs not

Ball and socket joint

Allow for backward, forward, sideways, rotating movements

Hinge joint

Only bending and straightening

Facet joint

Between vertebrae, only slightly moveable

Subluxation

Dislocation partially dislocates and returns to normal position

Types of muscles

Cardiac, smooth, and skeletal

Humerus

Long bone in the upper arm from shoulder to elbow

Femur

Largest bone in the body, knee connects femur to tibia with ligaments

Scaphoid

One of the small carpal bones in the wrist on the thumb side

Radius

Forearm bone, on the side of your thumb