KTQ 05: Civil Rights

Unit 1 Examination practice quiz #5

Equal Protection Clause

provision of the 14th Amendment guaranteeing citizens equal protection of the laws

Separate but Equal Rule

doctrine that public accommodations could be segregated by race but still be considered equal

De jure

according to the law

De facto

according to custom

Affirmative action

government policies that seek to redress past injustices against groups by making efforts to provide members with access to educational and employment opportunities

Hate Crime

a crime, typically one involving violence, that is motivated by prejudice on the basis of race, religion, sexual orientation, or other grounds.

NAACP

Organization led by mostly black lawyers that created a Legal Defense and Educational Fund for fighting racial discrimination

SCLC

Organization of primarily black church organizations seeking to end racial discriminatory policies in the southern states

SNiCC

Organization of mostly black students seeking to end racial discriminatory policies in the southern states

NOW

Fought to ban gender separated employment advertisements

WEAL

Sued schools for gender discriminatory admission policies

Title VII

Title in the Civil Rights Act of 1964 that prevents sexual harassment in the workplace

Civil Rights Act of 1875

Protected black Americans from discrimination by proprietors of public accommodations and private businesses, gutted by the Supreme Court

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Protected women and minorities from discrimination by proprietors of public accommodations and private businesses, upheld by the Supreme Court

Equal Rights Amendment

Outlawed gender discrimination, similar to the 14th Amendment for minorities, but was not ratified

Title IX

Title in the 1972 Education Act that forbids gender discrimination in education

Equal Pay Act of 1963

Outlawed gender pay discrimination, but suits must be made within 180 days of the start of the discrimination

Lily Ledbetter Fair Pay Act

Allowed suits based on gender pay discrimination to be based on when discovered, not when discrimination started

1973 Rehabilitation Act

Prohibited discrimination based on disability

Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990

Granted equal protection for worker rights and equal access to businesses for people with disabilities

1968 Fair House Act

Prohibited discrimination in the sale or rental of most housing

1988 Fair Housing Amendments Act

Added enforcement procedures to the Fair Housing Act

Twenty-fourth Amendment

Abolished the poll tax

1965 Voting Rights Act

Prohibited literacy tests and other tests as a barrier to voting and provided for a replacement of local registrars with federal if the law was violated

Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1968

Sanctioned employers who hire undocumented workers, which resulted in discrimination of documented workers and citizens who were Latino/a or Asian

1975 Voting Rights Act amendments

Granted voting protections to Native Americans

Plessy v. Ferguson

Created the separate but equal rule

Brown v. Board of Education

Overturned the separate but equal rule

Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1

Limited the measures that can be used to promote school integration

Regents of the University of California v. Bakke

Ruled that rigid racial quotas for college admissions violated the equal protection clause

Grutter v. Bollinger

Upheld an affirmative action admissions program at the University of Michigan

Gratz v. Bollinger

Ruled that a point ranking system that gave points for racial minorities for college admissions violated the equal protection clause

Fisher v. University of Texas

Established strict scrutiny for court evaluation of college admissions decisionmaking policies

Franklin v. Gwinnett County Public Schools

Established that gender discrimination under Title IX could be remedied with monetary damages

Ledbetter v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co.

Ruled that the Equal Pay Act of 1963 limited gender discrimination suits to 180 days after the discrimination occurred

Lau v. Nichols

Ruled that school districts that receive public funding must provide education for students whose English is limited