GCE O Level Biology: Definitions of Keywords from Nutrition in Plants, Transport in Plants and Humans

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20 Terms

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Photosynthesis

Process in which light energy absorbed by chlorophyll is transformed into chemical energy. This chemical energy is used to synthesize carbohydrates from water and carbon dioxide, with oxygen being released during the process.

<p>Process in which light energy absorbed by chlorophyll is transformed into chemical energy. This chemical energy is used to synthesize carbohydrates from water and carbon dioxide, with oxygen being released during the process.</p>
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Compensation point

Point when rate of photosynthesis is the same as rate of respiration

<p>Point when rate of photosynthesis is the same as rate of respiration</p>
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Translocation

Transport of manufactured food substances such as sugars and amino acids in the phloem of plants

<p>Transport of manufactured food substances such as sugars and amino acids in the phloem of plants</p>
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Root pressure

Pressure that forces water, absorbed from soil, to move through the roots and up the stem of a plant. This is normally due to the lower water potential in root cells

<p>Pressure that forces water, absorbed from soil, to move through the roots and up the stem of a plant. This is normally due to the lower water potential in root cells</p>
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Transpiration

Loss of water vapour from aerial parts of a plant, especially through the stomata of leaves

<p>Loss of water vapour from aerial parts of a plant, especially through the stomata of leaves</p>
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Transpiration stream

Stream of water up a plant caused by transpiration pull

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Wilting

Condition which results when plants lose more water through transpiration than is absorbed from roots

<p>Condition which results when plants lose more water through transpiration than is absorbed from roots</p>
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Antigen

Protein found on the surface of red blood cells which can be recognised by the immune system

<p>Protein found on the surface of red blood cells which can be recognised by the immune system</p>
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Antibody

A protein produced by lymphocytes in response to the entry of foreign substances in order to render them harmless

<p>A protein produced by lymphocytes in response to the entry of foreign substances in order to render them harmless</p>
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Pathogen

Disease-causing micro-organism

<p>Disease-causing micro-organism</p>
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Acclimatisation

Occurs when body produces more red blood cells to compensate for a lower concentration of oxygen in the atmosphere

<p>Occurs when body produces more red blood cells to compensate for a lower concentration of oxygen in the atmosphere</p>
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Phagocytosis

Process of engulfing and ingesting foreign particles by white blood cells/phagocytes

<p>Process of engulfing and ingesting foreign particles by white blood cells/phagocytes</p>
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Blood serum

Blood plasma without fibrin and blood clotting factors

<p>Blood plasma without fibrin and blood clotting factors</p>
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Double circulation

Consists of pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation where blood passes through the heart twice in one complete circuit

<p>Consists of pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation where blood passes through the heart twice in one complete circuit</p>
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Ventricular systole

Occurs when ventricles contract

<p>Occurs when ventricles contract</p>
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Ventricular diastole

Occurs when ventricles relax

<p>Occurs when ventricles relax</p>
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Blood pressure

Force that blood exerts on the walls of blood vessels

<p>Force that blood exerts on the walls of blood vessels</p>
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Tissue fluid

Blood plasma that has moved out of blood capillaries to the surrounding tissue cells

<p>Blood plasma that has moved out of blood capillaries to the surrounding tissue cells</p>
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Atherosclerosis

Deposition of fatty substances on the inner surface of an artery

<p>Deposition of fatty substances on the inner surface of an artery</p>
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Thrombosis

A blood clot that forms in an artery

<p>A blood clot that forms in an artery</p>