PHST1000A S2

Aquatic rehab

A rehabilitation method utilizing water for therapeutic purposes.

Bandaging

The process of applying a bandage to a wound or injury.

Dressing

A sterile covering placed over a wound to promote healing.

Bandage

A strip of material used to bind a wound or protect an injured area.

Types of bandages

Different categories of bandages based on their material and purpose.

Forms of Bandaging

Techniques used to apply the bandage.

Bandage selection

The process of choosing an appropriate bandage for a specific injury.

Principles for application

Guidelines to follow when applying a bandage.

Check circulation after application of the bandage

A procedure to ensure blood flow is not restricted after bandaging.

Contraindications

Conditions or factors that serve as reasons to withhold certain treatments.

Signs that the bandage is too tight

Indicators that a bandage may be constricting blood flow.

Cardiopulmonary

Relating to the heart and lungs.

Anatomy and Physiology

The study of the structure and function of the body.

Assessment of a cardiopulmonary patient

Evaluation of a patient's heart and lung function.

History

A record of a patient's past medical events and treatments.

The Role of Physiotherapy

The function physiotherapy serves in patient care and rehabilitation.

Professional Bodies

Organizations that represent and regulate the practice of physiotherapy.

Aims of Cardiopulmonary Physiotherapy

Goals set for the treatment of cardiopulmonary conditions.

Indications for Cardiopulmonary Physiotherapy

Common problems or impairments treated through physiotherapy.

Components of Effective Cardiopulmonary Physiotherapy

Key elements that contribute to successful treatment outcomes.

Manual Therapy

Hands-on techniques used to treat musculoskeletal pain and dysfunction.

Smoking

The act of inhaling and exhaling the smoke of tobacco or other substances.

Upper respiratory infections

Infections affecting the upper part of the respiratory system.

Crutch walking and mobility aids

Techniques and devices used to assist individuals with mobility challenges.

Preambulation

The process of preparing a patient for walking.

Parallel bars

A piece of equipment used to assist patients in walking.

Sequence of activities

The order in which rehabilitation exercises or tasks are performed.

How to walk a patient with a walking aid

Techniques for assisting a patient in using a mobility aid effectively.

Safety precautions

Measures taken to ensure the safety of patients during rehabilitation.

Canes

A mobility aid used to support individuals while walking.

Crutches

Devices used to assist individuals with walking by transferring weight from the legs.

Walkers

A type of mobility aid that provides support for individuals while walking.

Massage

The manipulation of soft tissues in the body to promote relaxation and healing.

Uses of massage

Various therapeutic applications of massage in healthcare.

Therapeutic effects

The beneficial outcomes resulting from therapeutic interventions.

Dangers of massage

Potential risks or adverse effects associated with massage therapy.

Client Groups

Different populations that may receive massage therapy.

Principles of massage therapy

Fundamental concepts guiding the practice of massage.

Massage Techniques

Specific methods and approaches used in massage therapy.

Pain and Oedema

The relationship between pain sensations and swelling in tissues.

Nervous System

The complex network of nerves that transmits signals throughout the body.

Receptors

Specialized cells that detect and respond to stimuli.

Spinal Tracts

Bundles of nerve fibers that transmit information to and from the brain.

Definition of pain

A complex experience involving sensory, emotional, and cognitive components.

Biopsychosocial unpacked

A framework considering biological, psychological, and social factors in health.

What is pain?

An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage.

Purpose of pain

To signal injury or potential harm and to motivate protective behavior.

Influences the output of pain

Factors that affect how pain is perceived and expressed.

Classification of Pain

The categorization of pain into different types based on characteristics.

Pain mechanisms

The processes through which pain is produced and perceived.

Nociceptive pain

Pain resulting from the activation of nociceptors due to tissue damage.

Neuropathic Pain

Pain caused by damage or dysfunction in the nervous system.

Nociplastic Pain

Pain arising from altered nociception despite no clear evidence of tissue damage.

Sensitisation

Increased sensitivity to pain due to previous injury or inflammation.

Summary of Pain Experience

An overview of how pain is experienced and interpreted by individuals.

Objective Evaluation

Assessment methods that rely on measurable data to evaluate pain.

Body Chart

A visual representation used to identify and document areas of pain.

Subjective Interview

A method of gathering information about a patient's pain experience through dialogue.

Management

Strategies and interventions used to alleviate pain and improve function.

Brain Areas

Regions of the brain involved in processing and interpreting pain signals.

Oedema

Swelling caused by excess fluid accumulation in tissues.

Classification

The systematic categorization of conditions or symptoms.

Types of Oedema

Different forms of swelling based on causes and characteristics.

Causes of Oedema

Factors that lead to fluid accumulation in tissues.

Signs and Symptoms

Observable indicators and reported experiences associated with a condition.

Pathophysiology

The study of the functional changes that occur in the body as a result of disease.

Water retention in Tissue

The accumulation of excess fluid in bodily tissues.

Diagnostic Tests

Procedures used to identify the presence of a condition or disease.

Pitting oedema

A condition characterized by the accumulation of fluid in the tissues, causing swelling that can be indented when pressed.

Starling forces

The forces that determine the movement of fluid across capillary membranes, including hydrostatic and oncotic pressures.

Thermotherapy

The use of heat in therapy to relieve pain and promote healing.

Cryotherapy

The application of cold to treat injuries and reduce inflammation.

Therapeutic temperature window

The range of temperatures that are considered safe and effective for therapeutic heat application.

Mechanism of action

The stepwise physiological chain of events that occur as a result of a treatment modality.

General contraindications

Conditions under which a particular treatment should not be applied due to potential harm.

Methods of application

Different techniques for applying therapeutic modalities, such as superficial vs deep and moist vs dry.

Hot packs (hydrocollator)

A type of moist heat therapy using packs filled with heated gel or water.

Sensation testing

Safety checks performed before applying heat to ensure no sensory deficits are present.

Wax therapy (paraffin wax)

A therapeutic technique that involves dipping body parts in heated wax to relieve pain and stiffness.

Benefits of aquatic therapy/exercise

Includes pain reduction, prevention of bone loss, improved function and motor performance, increased strength and endurance, enhanced fitness and pulmonary function, psychological benefits, low impact, and improved balance.

Density

The ratio between the mass of a substance and the space it occupies, affecting buoyancy.

Archimedes principle

States that a body immersed in a fluid is buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the body.

Buoyancy

The ability of an object to float in a fluid, which changes if the weight or volume of the body is modified.

Fresh water density

Density of fresh water at 1 atmosphere pressure and 4 degrees Celsius is 1000 kg/m3.

Salt water density

Density of salt water at 1 atmosphere pressure and 4 degrees Celsius is 1027 kg/m3.

Who would benefit from aquatic therapy

Patients with osteoarthritis, Parkinson's, neuro disorders, spinal cord injuries, autism spectrum disorder, cerebral palsy, mental health issues, geriatrics, balance issues, and chronic pain.

Decreased impact on joints

The reduction of stress on joints when immersed in water.

Immersed to symphysis pubis

40% body weight unloaded.

Immersed to umbilicus

50% body weight unloaded.

Immersed to Xiphoid

60% body weight unloaded.

Immersed to shoulders

85% body weight unloaded.

Hydrostatic pressure

Pressure that a fluid exerts on itself, directly proportional to density of liquid, gravity, and depth of immersion.

Shape resistance

Resistance produced when moving through water, creating high pressure in front and low pressure behind the individual.

Wave resistance

Resistance caused by the body colliding with waves produced during movement through water.

Friction

Resistance offered by water upon contact with the body, dependent on contact surface area, water's viscosity, friction coefficient of skin, hair, or swimwear, and speed of movement.

Applications of friction for therapy or training

Less resistance is encountered when stationary or moving at low/moderate speeds; resistance increases with high-speed movements.

Training programme in water

Results in improvements in strength, muscle power, VO2 max, calorie expenditure, respiratory function, and flexibility.

Effects of hydrostatic pressure

Fluids are driven from extremities towards the body, increasing circulation in muscles and blood vessels.

Chest wall compression

Alters pulmonary function and increases the work of breathing.

Bad Ragaz Ring Approach

Utilizes flotation rings to support patients in a horizontal position, focusing on strengthening and mobilizing exercises.