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Lincoln Index
A statistical measure used to estimate population sizes, calculated as (E1)(E2)/S.
Population Growth Rate (PGR)
Calculated by (Number of Births - Number of Deaths)/(Total Population Size), indicating how quickly a population is expanding or contracting.
Energy Conversion
1 kJ = 1000 Joules; 1 kcal = 1000 calories; 1 calorie = 4.184 joules.
Power formula
Calculated as Power = Energy/Time.
Population Growth Rate (percentage)
Calculated as (Births - Deaths) / Total Population x 100, indicating percentage change in a population.
Percent Change formula
(New Value - Old Value) / Old Value x 100, calculating the percentage difference between two values.
Rule of 70 formula
70 / Growth Rate, used to estimate the time for a population to double.
Population Density formula
Total Population / Land Area, measuring the number of individuals in a specific area.
Efficiency formula
Energy Output / Energy Input x 100, indicating the percentage of energy conversion.
Rate of Change formula
Final - Initial / Final time - Initial time, measuring the change over time.
Gross Primary Productivity (GPP)
GPP = Total solar energy captured by plants − Energy lost due to respiration.
Net Primary Productivity (NPP)
NPP = Gross primary productivity (GPP) - Respiration.
The 10% Rule
Only approximately 10% of energy transfers between trophic levels in a food chain.
Dimensional Analysis
Quantity 1 x (Conversion factor / Quantity 2 ) = Result, used to convert units.
Half-Life formula
t½ = ln (2) / λ, where t1/2 is the half-life and λ is the decay constant.
Respiration equation
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O, the process by which organisms convert glucose into energy.
Combustion reaction
Hydrocarbons (CxHy) + O2 → CO2 + H2O, representing the burning of hydrocarbons.
Photosynthesis equation
6CO2 + 6H2O + sunlight → C6H12O6 + 6O2, the process through which plants convert light energy into chemical energy.
Ocean Acidification equation
CO2 + H2O ↔ H2CO3 ↔ H+ + HCO3-, demonstrating the chemical reactions involved in ocean acidification.
Photochemical Smog Formation
NOx + VOCs + heat + sunlight → smog, describing the reaction that leads to smog formation.
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion equation
O3 + Cl → O2 + ClO, representing the chemical reaction responsible for ozone layer depletion.
Note 
Flashcard (100)