Mobility (Class 14)

5.0(1)
studied byStudied by 10 people
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Card Sorting

1/53

flashcard set

Earn XP

Description and Tags

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

54 Terms

1
New cards
Mobility
Refers to a person’s ability to move about freely.
2
New cards
Immobility
Refers to the inability to move about freely.
3
New cards
Bed Rest
An intervention ordered by the provider that restricts a patient to the bed for therapeutic reasons and is sometimes prescribed for selected patients. Decreases the body’s oxygen need, reduces cardiac workload, reduces pain, l and allow the patient to get rest.
4
New cards
True
True or False: Clients experience a functional decline in the healthcare in the healthcare setting due to deconditioning.
5
New cards
Functional Decline
Loss of the ability perform self-care or activities of daily living. Loss of muscle tone, ROM, etc.
6
New cards
Deconditioning
Physiological change following a period of inactivity, bed rest, or sedentary lifestyle. Results in functional losses in such areas as mental status, degree of continence, and ability to accomplish activities of daily living.
7
New cards
Body Mechanics
Coordinated efforts of the musculoskeletal and nervous systems.
8
New cards
Alignment and Balance
This refers to posture and center of gravity.
9
New cards
Gravity
Weight force exerted on the body.
10
New cards
Friction
Force that occurs in a direction opposite to movement.
11
New cards
Skeletal System
* Provides attachments for muscles and ligaments
* Protects vital organs
* Aids in calcium regulation.
* Provides leverage for mobility.
12
New cards
Calcium and Phosphorus
What the bones are made of.
13
New cards
Types of Bones
Long, short, flat, and irregular
14
New cards
Joint
Where two or more bones are attached.
15
New cards
Skeletal Muscles
The working elements of movement because of their ability to contract/relax.
16
New cards
Nervous System
Transfers impulses from the nerve to the muscle.
17
New cards
Kyphosis
Increased convexity in the curvature of the thoracic spine. (Upper Spine)
18
New cards
Lordosis
Exaggeration of the anterior convex curve of the lumbar spine. (Lower spine.)
19
New cards
Scoliosis
Lateral S or C-shaped spinal column with vertebral rotation, unequal heights of hips and shoulders.
20
New cards
Metabolic Changes
* Decreased metabolism rate
* Impaired calcium resorption
* Constipation
21
New cards
Respiratory Changes
* Immobile patients are at high risk for developing pulmonary complications.
* Decreased respiratory movement
* Reduced lung capacity
* Pooling of respiratory secretions
* Hypostatic Pneumonia
22
New cards
Atelectasis
The tiny air sacks constrict and get stuck together.
23
New cards
Cardiovascular Changes
* Orthostatic hypotension
* Increased cardiac workload
* Thrombus formation
24
New cards
Musculoskeletal Changes
* Lean body mass loss
* Muscle weakness/atrophy
* Joint contracture
25
New cards
Urinary Elimination Changes
* Urinary stasis
* Increased risk for UTI
* Renal calculi
* Urinary retention
* Infection
26
New cards
Integumentary Changes
* Pressure ulcers
* Reduced skin turgor
27
New cards
Psychosocial Effects
* Hostility
* Giddiness
* Fear
* Anxiety
* Altered sleep patterns
* Depression
* Sadness
* Dejection
28
New cards
True
True or False: Older adults are more likely to decline faster.
29
New cards
Range of Movement (ROM)
The maximum amount of movement available at a joint in one of the three planes of the body: sagittal, transverse, or frontal. Active, active assisted, passive.
30
New cards
Passive
You are doing the ROM for the patient.
31
New cards
Contracture
Develop when a patient’s joints are not moved periodically, their body part gets stuck in that position. Commonly seen in: neck, shoulder, elbow, forearm, wrist, fingers, etc.
32
New cards
Activity Tolerance
The type and amount of exercise a patient is able to perform without undue exertion or edurance.
33
New cards
Activity Tolerance Factors
* Skeletal abnormalities
* Muscular impairment
* Endocrine or metabolic illnesses
* Hypoxemia
* Decreased cardiac function
* Decreased endurance
* Impaired physical stability
* Pain
* Sleep pattern stability
* Pain
* Sleep pattern disturbance
* Prior exercise patterns
* Infectious processes and fever
* Anxiety
* Depression
* Chemical addiction
* Motivation
* Age
* Sex
* Pregnancy
* Know patient limitations
34
New cards
Assessment findings that indicate the client is not tolerating the activity
* Dyspnea
* Chest pain
* Shortness of breath
* BP changes dramatically
* Respiration problems
35
New cards
Gait
The manner or style of walking. Impairments can shift the center of gravity and make falls more likely.
36
New cards
Nursing Diagnosis for Clients With Impaired Mobility
* Social isolation
* Impaired elimination
* Impaired physical mobility
* Risk for impaired skin integrity
* Ineffective airway clearance.
37
New cards
Blood Clot Intervention Methods
* Compression stockings
* Blood thinners
38
New cards
Fall
An event that results in a person coming to rest inadvertently on the ground, floor, or other lower level. A major health problem, ranking as the second leading cause of accidental or unintentional injury deaths worldwide.
39
New cards
True
True or False: Falls are the leading cause of both fatal and non-fatal injuries for those 65 years and older.
40
New cards
Intrinsic Factors
Predisposing factors (within the patient)
41
New cards
Extrinsic Factor
Increase the susceptibility of an individual to fall (environmental.)
42
New cards
Universal Fall Precautions
Apply to all patients regardless of fall risk. Ex:

* Familiarize the patient with their surroundings
* Have patient demonstrate call light use
* Maintain call within patient’s reach
* Non-slip footwear
* Keep hospital bed brakes locked
* Keep floors clean and dry
* Have sturdy handrails
* Place bed in lowest position.
43
New cards
Assisted fall

1. Stand with feet apart to provide a broad base of support.
2. Extend one leg and let the patient slide against it to the floor.
3. Bend knees to lower body as patient slides to the floor.
44
New cards
Walker
* A lightweight, movable device that stands about wait high with four widely placed sturdy legs.
* Used by patients with generalized lower extremity weakness or problems with balance.
* Cannot be used on stairs and wheels may contribute to a patient falling.
45
New cards
Cane
* Less bulky supportive device for patients that still have one strong side.
* Instruct patient to keep device on stronger side.
* Less stable and provide less support than other options, patients should be instructed that two points of support must be on the ground at all times when walking.
46
New cards
Physiological Changes in Older Adults Contributing to Falls
* Slowed reaction time
* Decreased bone bass
* Decreased ROM
* Less flexibility/strength
* Visual/hearing alterations
* Nocturia
* Impaired memory
* More medication use
47
New cards
Chemical Restraint
Medications administered to agitated patients to control unsafe physical movements and behaviors
48
New cards
Physical Restraints
Wrapped, buckled, or tied to a patient’s body to limit or restrict movement.
49
New cards
Seizure
A hyperexcitation and disorderly discharge of neurons in the brain leading to sudden, violent jerking, falling, etc.
50
New cards
Seizure Precautions
Guidelines to protect those with seizures from injury:

* Always have a pillow under the head
* Pad handrails to protect the head
* Have bed in lowest position
* Encourage side lying
* Have patient in loose clothing
51
New cards
False
True or False: You can administer chemical restraints on a patient FIRST.
52
New cards
Reasons for Restraints
* Patients removing medical devices.
* Confused or wandering patients.
* Patients ambulating without assistance constantly.
* Patients that pose a threat to themselves or others.
53
New cards
True
True or False: If a patient is being aggressive, you can apply restraints without a doctor’s order as long as they are notified within a timely manner.
54
New cards
False
True or False: Ativan is a good chemical restraint on older adults.