HST 171 Final Exam Timeline (slideshow version)

 c.340-146 BCE:

Roman Republic establishes its imperium

133-31 BCE:

civil wars of the Late Republic end in rule by emperors

1^st century CE:

Jesus of Nazareth executed; Jesus movement (Christianity) begins in Roman cities

284-305:

reign of Diocletian; “Great Persecution” begins

3^rd and 4^th centuries:

Roman Christianity on the rise

c.270:

St. Antony moves to the desert

306-337:

rise and reign of Constantine

312:

Battle of the Milvian Bridge

313:

Edict of Milan

371-397:

Martin serves as bishop of Tours

380:

Edict of Thessalonica

5^th century CE:

Renewed Crisis and Western Collapse

410:

Visigoths sack Rome

439:

Vandal conquest of Carthage

476:

Romulus Augustulus deposed; Western Roman imperial title in disuse

493:

Ostrogoths complete conquest of Italy

c.500-1000

The Early Middle Ages

481-511:

Clovis reigns over Franks, founds Merovingians

496:

Clovis converts to Christianity

c.520:

Benedict of Nursia composes Rule

597:

papal missionaries under Augustine begin English mission

602-628:

Sassanid Wars; Eastern Mediterranean devastated

632:

Emergence of Islam

637:

conquest of Jerusalem

664:

Synod of Whitby

8^th through 10^th centuries:

The Carolingian hegemony

714-741:

Charles Martel serves as Mayor of the Palace

751:

Pepin the Short becomes King of the Franks, deposing Merovingians

768-814:

reign of Charlemagne

774:

conquest of the Lombards concluded

Christmas Day 800:

Charlemagne crowned Emperor of the Romans

793:

Viking invasions begin with attack on Lindisfarne

834:

first Viking overwinter campaign

845:

Viking siege of Paris

911:

Vikings settled in northern France, creating Normandy

911: (not Viking)

Carolingians replaced by Dukes of Saxony in East Francia

962:

Eastern Frankish (German) kings restore title of Roman Emperor

c.1000-1300

The Central Middle Ages

Transformations of the year 1000

• Knightly class emerges; castles spring up across Europe

• Church reform movement accelerates, reformed monasteries

  • 1059: Papal Election Decree

• Village emerges as the standard agrarian community

1059:

Papal Election Decree

1066:

England conquered by William, duke of Normandy

1071:

Battle of Manzikert: Byzantine Empire threatened

1075-1122:

The Investiture Controversy

1122:

Concordat of Worms

11^th and 12^th centuries:

the emergence of crusading

1095-1099:

First Crusade

1145-1149:

Second Crusade; institution expands beyond eastern Mediterranean

1162-1170:

Becket Controversy

December 29^th, 1170:

Becket murdered

12^th and 13^th centuries:

development of the institutional Church

Lateran councils:

1123, 1139, 1179

1184:

Waldensians condemned for heresy

1215:

Fourth Lateran Council issues decrees

1215:

John of England issues Magna Carta

1296:

Jews expelled from England; Boniface VIII issues Clericis laicos

c.1300-1500

The Late Middle Ages

1309-1378:

Avignon Papacy

1315-1322:

Great Famine

1348-1352:

Black Death (initial outbreak)

1361, 1369

Subsequent outbreaks of black death

1337-1453:

Hundred Years’ War

1453:

Ottoman Empire conquers Byzantium

Late 15^th and early 16^th centuries:

Colonial Era begins

1492:

Columbus reaches Bahamas

1494:

treaty of Tordesillas

1415:

Battle of Agincourt

1420:

Treaty of Troyes

1519:

conquest of Aztec empire begins

1531:

conquest of Inca empire begins

1526:

first slave ship leaves from West Africa to Americas

1517:

Martin Luther publishes 95 theses

1545-1563:

Council of Trent initiates ‘counter-Reformation’