Med Term: Ch. 10 Pulmonology

aer/o

air

alveol/o

alveolus (air sac)

bronch/o, bronchi/o

bronchus

bronchiol/o

bronchiole

coni/o

dust

cyan/o

blue

diaphragmat/o

diaphragm

hal/o

to breath

lob/o

lobe

mediastin/o

mediastinum

ox/i

oxygen

pleur/o

pleura

pneum/o

lung, air

pneumon/o, pulmon/o

lung

spir/o

breathing

thorac/o

chest

trache/o

trachea

tuss/o

cough

angi/o

vessel

arteri/o

artery

atel/o

incomplete

carcin/o

cancer

cardi/o

heart

cyt/o

cell

embol/o

plug

fibr/o

fibrous

hem/o

blood

orth/o

straight

py/o

pus

-algia, -dynia

pain

-centesis

puncture to withdraw fluid

-ectasis

dilated

-ectomy

surgical removal

-genic

producing

-gram

a record

-graph

instrument for recording

-graphy

process of recording

-ia

condition

-itis

inflammation

-logist

one who studies

-logy

study of

-meter

instrument for measuring

-metry

process of measuring

-ole

small

-oma

tumor, mass

-osis

abnormal condition

-ostomy

surgically create an opening

-otomy

cutting into

-plasty

surgical repair

-pnea

breathing

-ptysis

spitting

-scope

instrument for viewing

-scopy

process of visually examining

-spasm

involuntary muscle contraction

-thorax

chest

a-, an-

without

anti-

against

brady-

slow

dys-

painful, difficult, abnormal

endo-

within, inner

eu-

normal

ex-

outward

hyper-

excessive

hypo-

below, insufficient

in-

inward

tachy-

fast

acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

Acute respiratory failure in adults characterized by tachypnea, dyspnea, cyanosis, tachycardia, and hypoxia; also called adult respiratory distress syndrome

aerosol therapy

Medication suspended in a mist so that it may be inhaled; often delivered by a nebulizer or metered-dose inhaler

antitussive

Medication to relieve the urge to cough

arterial blood gases (ABGs)

Laboratory test for levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide present in blood

asphyxia, asphyxiation

Lack of oxygen that can lead to unconsciousness and death if not corrected immediately; some common causes are drowning, foreign body in respiratory tract, poisoning, and electric shock; also called suffocation

aspirate

inhaling fluid or foreign object into airways

asthma

Disease caused by various conditions, such as allergies, and resulting in bronchospasm, excessive mucus production, inflammation, airway constriction, wheezing, and coughing

atelectasis

Condition in which lung tissue collapses, preventing respiratory exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide

bronchodilator

Medication that causes bronchi to dilate

bronchogenic carcinoma

Malignant lung tumor that originates in bronchi; often associated with a history of cigarette smoking

cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

Combination of external compressions to sternum and rescue breathing to maintain blood flow and air movement in and out of lungs during cardiac and respiratory arrest

chest X-ray (CXR)

Taking a radiographic image of the heart and lungs; may be an anterior view, a posterior view, or a lateral view

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Progressive, chronic, and usually irreversible condition in which airflow to and from lungs is decreased; patient can have severe dyspnea with exertion and cough; also called chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD)

continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

Machine that supplies constant and steady air pressure through mask; keeps airways continuously open; common treatment for sleep apnea

crackles

Abnormal rattling or crackling sound made during inhalation; caused by mucus or fluid in airways; also called rales

croup

Acute viral infection in infants and children; symptoms include dyspnea and a characteristic barking cough

cystic fibrosis (CF)

Genetic condition that causes patient to produce very thick mucus resulting in severe congestion within lungs and digestive system

emphysema

Pulmonary condition resulting from destruction of alveolar walls leading to overinflated alveoli; can occur as result of long-term heavy smoking or exposure to air pollution; characterized by dyspnea on exertion

endotracheal (ET) intubation

Placing tube through mouth and into trachea to maintain open airway and facilitate artificial ventilation

expectorant

Medication that improves the ability to cough up mucus from the respiratory tract

Heimlich maneuver

Technique for removing a foreign body from the trachea or pharynx by exerting sharp pressure on the diaphragm

hyperventilation

To breathe too quickly (tachypnea) and too deeply (hyperpnea)

hypoventilation

To breathe too slowly (bradypnea) and too shallowly (hypopnea)

hypoxia

Having insufficient amount of oxygen in body

infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS)

Condition seen in premature infants whose lungs have not had time to fully develop; lungs are not able to expand fully, causing extreme difficulty in breathing and can result in death; also known as hyaline membrane disease (HMD)

influenza (flu)

Acute viral infection of airways; usually highly contagious; symptoms include chills, fever, body aches, and dry cough

intermittent positive pressure breathing (IPPB)

Method of artificial ventilation using mask connected to machine that produces pressure to assist air to fill lungs

metered-dose inhaler (MDI)

Mechanism that delivers aerosol therapy in a single puff of mist or powder

nebulizer

Mechanism that delivers aerosol therapy mist, usually via a mask, over time as a person breathes

phlegm

Thick mucus secreted by mucous membranes lining respiratory tract; phlegm that is coughed out through mouth is called sputum

pleural effusion

Abnormal presence of fluid or gas in pleural cavity; presence of this fluid can be detected by tapping chest (percussion) or listening with stethoscope (auscultation)

pleural friction rub

Crunching sound made when inflamed pleurae rub against each other; likened to sound of walking on fresh snow

pleurisy

inflammation of pleura

pneumonia

Acute inflammatory condition of lung, which can be caused by bacterial and viral infections, diseases, and chemicals; severe dyspnea and death can result when alveoli fill with fluid (pulmonary infiltrate)