AP Human Geography Unit 4 Vocab

Administered Boundaries

Enforcement of a boundary by government or people

African Union

Organization of African states that encourages economic growth and political stability

American Indian Reservations

Area of land managed by Native Americans

Antecedent Boundaries

Political boundary that was there before the cultural landscape and stayed in place

Arctic Council

Intergovernmental forum that addresses issues faced by Arctic governments and indigenous people from the Arctic

Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)

Organization of southeast Asian countries to promote cultural, economic, or political development

Autonomous Regions

Area with one cultural group that isn't incorporated into the government of the state

Chokepoints

Narrow route providing passage to another region and can be used to stop sea traffic

Consequent Boundaries

Boundary line that coincides with a cultural divide such as religion or language

Defined Boundaries

Treaty drawn to specify on a landscape where a political boundary exists

Delimited Boundaries

Boundary a cartographer drew on a map

Demarcated Boundaries

Boundary marked in the ground by wall or fence post

Demilitarized Zone

Area where weapons and military forces have been removed

Democratization

Introduction of a democratic political system

Devolution

Movement of power "downwards" from the central government to regional governments within the state

Ethnic Cleansing

Effort to rid a country/region of a particular ethnicity either through forced migration or genocide

Ethnic Separatism

Movement for separation based on ethnicity

Ethnonationalism

A form of nationalism where the nation is defined by ethnicity

European Union (EU)

Union of European states that eliminates border controls

Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)

Coastal state has jurisdiction of exploration and exploitation of marine resources in its adjacent waters

Federal States

The central government represents various entities within a nation state where they have common interest yet allows these various entities to retain their own identities and to have their own laws

Geometric Boundaries

Straight line that is a boundary unrelated to physical features

Gerrymandering

Manipulating boundaries of political districts to favor a political party

Independent (Sovereign) States

States that have full control over their territory

Irredentism

Policy of advocating restoration to a country of any former territory

Legitimacy

Determine if the government of a place has the right to rule its people and territory; whether or not a country likes its leader

Maritime Boundaries

Boundaries of the world's oceans

Multinational States

States with more than one nation inside its borders

Multistate Nations

When a nation stretches across borders and across states

Nations

Group of people who think of themselves as one based on a sense of shared culture and history, and who seek some degree of political territorial autonomy

Nation-States

Politically organized area in which nation and state occupy the same space

Neocolonialism

Using globalization and cultural imperialism to influence developing countries

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

Intergovernmental organization that protects freedom and security of member countries in the North Atlantic

Redistricting

Process of drawing electoral district boundaries in the US

Relic Boundaries

Border that isn't used but still has impact on cultural landscape

Self-Determination

Ability of people to form their own state and government

Semi-Autonomous Regions

Area where a group has some political autonomy; have a degree of power and self-determination

Shatterbelt Region

Region of persistent political fragmentation due to devolution and centrifugal forces

Sovereignty

Governments right to control its own territory politically and militarily

Stateless Nations

Nations that do not have states

Subsequent Boundaries

Boundaries that evolve as the cultural landscape takes place

Superimposed Boundaries

Boundaries drawn by outsiders without reference to cultural patterns

Supranationalism

Process of nation-states getting into a political alliance

Supranational Organizations

Entity composed of 3 or more states used for mutual benefit

Territoriality

Community's attachment towards its territory, expressed by determination to defend it

Territorial Seas

Belt of coastal waters extending from a coastal state that they own

Terrorism

Use of violence, normally against citizens, for political gain

United Nation Convention of the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)

Defines the rights and responsibilities states have over their seas

Unitary States

Nation-state that has a centralized government that exercises power equally

United Nations (UN)

International organization committed to maintaining peace around the world

Voting Districts

Territorial subdivision for electing members to a legislative body