taxation (period 3)

taxation without representation

the argument that colonists could not be taxed if they were not properly represented in assemblies or directly vote for representatives in parliament

virtual representation

the argument that colonists were represented in assemblies because the parliament members represented the interests of the colonies

lord george grenville

king george III’s chancellor after the 7 years’ war; pushed 3 measures through parliament that made colonists angry; replaced in 1766

sugar act of 1764

placed taxes on foreign sugar and certain luxuries

revenue act of 1763

companion act of sugar act; strictly enforced the navigation acts; led to the trying of smugglers by crown-appointed judges without juries

quartering act of 1765

required colonists to provide food and living quarters for british soldiers in the colonies

stamp act of 1765

require revenue stamps to be placed on most printed paper in the colonies; included newspapers, playing cards, legal documents, etc.; the first official tax of all colonists, rather than just merchants

stamp act congress

first inter-colonial political meeting since albany congress (1754); occurred during october of 1765; sent parliment the declaration of rights and grievances

declaration of rights and grievances

created in 1765 at stamp act congress; stated that only the colonists’ elected representatives had the authority fo taxation

sons and daughters of liberty

the violent side of taxation rebellion; a secret society that performed intimidation actions across the colonies directed at tax collectors

boycotting taxation efforts

the most effective form of protest; colonists refused to purchase articles of british origin; led to an increase in colonial item production

effects of colonial boycotting of stamp act

the parliament repealed the stamp act in 1766; the parliament passed the declaratory act of 1766

declaratory act of 1766

passed by british parliament; stated that the parliament had the right to tax and make laws for the colonies “in all cases whatsoever”

patrick henry

spoke for many when he stood up in the house of burgesses to demand that the king’s government recognize the rights of all citizens (including the right not to be taxed without representation)

charles townshed

the newly appointed chancellor after lord grenville; appointed in 1766; created the townshed acts

townshed acts

passed by parliament in 1767; placed taxes on colonial imports of tea, glass, and paper; created the writ of assistance

writ of assistance

a general license to search anywhere; allowed for the invasion of private homes to check for smuggled goods; created by the townshed acts in 1767

john dickinson

wrote “letters from a farmer in pennsylvania” in 1767 and 1768; argued that parliament could only tax them of they were represented in assemblies

boston massacre

occurred on march 5th, 1770; when colonist harassed british guards stationed in boston, the guards fired into the crowd and killed 5 people; contributed to colonists’ hatred towards brtitish

crispus attucks

native american and african dockworker killed during boston massacre

effects of boston massacre

\-townshed acts were repealed except for tea tax

\-increased tension between colonists and the british

committees of correspondence

created by samuel adams in 1772; the practice of sending letters between organizing committees to report suspicious or threatening british behavior; precedent for intercolonial committees created in 1773

the gaspee

a british customs ship that was known for catching smugglers; ran around in 1772 and was burned by colonists disguised as native americans

tea act of 1773

created to help the british east india company out of its financial probelms; made british tea cheaper than all other teas (even with smuggling); resulted in the boston tea party

boston tea party

occurred on december 16th, 1773; colonists went on a british tea ship and dumped 342 chests overboard in retaliation to the tea act of 1773

effects of boston tea party

\-more “tea parties” occured in charleston, philadephia, and new york

\-british parliment created intolerable acts (1774)

intolerable acts of 1774 (coercive acts)

\-boston port act (march)

\-massachusetts government act and administration of justice act (may)

\-quartering act and quebec act (june)

boston port act (march 1774)

part of intolerable acts (1774); closed the port of Boston, prohibiting trade in and out of the harbor until the destroyed tea was paid for

massachusetts government act (may 1774)

part of intolerable acts (1774); reduced the power of the massachusetts legislature while increasing the power of the royal governor

administration of justice act (may 1774)

part of intolerable acts (1774); allowed royal officials accused of crimes to be tried in great britain instead of in the colonies

quartering act (1774)

part of intolerable acts (1774); expanded to enable british troops to be quartered in private homes; it applied to all colonies

quebec act (1774)

part of the intolerable acts (1774); organized the canadian lands gained from france; established roman

catholicism as the official religion of quebec; set up a government without a representative assembly and extended Quebec’s boundary to the ohio river

colonist view of quebec act (1774)

\-they viewed it as an attack because it took land away in n.y., pennsylvania, virginia, massachusetts, etc.

\-the prodominently protestant americans resented the recognition of the roman catholic church