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50 Terms

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National Security Council

Helps coordinate military and foreign policy.

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Cabinet

Heads of the 14 major executive departments.

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Leak

Deliberate disclosure of information to the media.

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Federalism

System that divides power between federal and state governments.

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Articles of Confederation

The governing document that preceded the Constitution.

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House of Burgesses

The first form of representative government in America.

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Thomas Jefferson

Wrote the Declaration of Independence.

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Pardon

When a person is released from punishment.

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Legislative, Executive, Judicial

The 3 branches of the federal government.

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Popular Sovereignty

Concept that states government is based on the consent of the governed.

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Separation of Powers

Prevents any one branch of government from acquiring too much power.

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Checks and Balance

System that allows each branch to exercise some power over the other.

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Bill of Rights

The first ten amendments which protect individual liberties.

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Electors

Ballots cast by citizens to elect the President and Vice President.

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13th amendment

Abolished slavery.

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14th amendment

Provided civil rights for all citizens.

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15th amendment

Gave all males the right to vote.

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19th amendment

Gave women the right to vote.

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2nd amendment

Protected the right to bear arms.

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Censure

Formal disapproval of a member of Congress.

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Vice President

President of the Senate.

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Filibuster

When someone monopolizes debate in the Senate.

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Constituents

People that members of U.S. Congress represent.

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Article 1, Section 8

Where delegated or expressed powers of Congress are found.

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census

Population count taken every 10 years to determine representation.

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Jan 3rd

When a congressional term begins and ends.

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Incumbent

A candidate already in office and running for re-election.

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2 years

Term length for a member of the House of Representatives.

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435

Number of members in the House of Representatives.

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Senate

Conducts the trial during an impeachment process.

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6 years

Term length for a U.S. Senator.

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Reapportionment

Process of determining if a state loses or gains seats in the House.

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Bill

Every law starts as.

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Felonies

The most serious kinds of crimes.

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Plaintiff

The party that files charges in a civil case.

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Misdemeanors

Crimes that are more serious than petty but not as serious as felonies.

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Tort

A wrongful act for which someone can sue.

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Penal Code

Set of written laws that defines crimes and spells out punishments.

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Naturalization

Legal process for becoming a U.S. citizen.

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Miranda

Rule that holds that suspects must be informed of their rights before questioning.

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Affirmative Action

When the government gives preference to minorities and women.

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Exclusionary

Rule that holds that illegally obtained evidence can't be used in a criminal trial.

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Double Jeopardy

Rule protects people from being tried twice for the same crime.

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Negligence

Careless, reckless behavior resulting in harm to others.

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Political Action Committee

Group of people with broad common interests who organize to win elections.

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Ideology

Set of basic beliefs about government and society.

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Media

Group containing all means for communicating information to the public.

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Direct Primary

Election when voters choose candidates to run in the general election.

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Platform

Written statement of the party's principles and its position on issues.

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Lobbyists

People who try to influence public policy by direct contact with public officials.