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National Security Council
Helps coordinate military and foreign policy.
Cabinet
Heads of the 14 major executive departments.
Leak
Deliberate disclosure of information to the media.
Federalism
System that divides power between federal and state governments.
Articles of Confederation
The governing document that preceded the Constitution.
House of Burgesses
The first form of representative government in America.
Thomas Jefferson
Wrote the Declaration of Independence.
Pardon
When a person is released from punishment.
Legislative, Executive, Judicial
The 3 branches of the federal government.
Popular Sovereignty
Concept that states government is based on the consent of the governed.
Separation of Powers
Prevents any one branch of government from acquiring too much power.
Checks and Balance
System that allows each branch to exercise some power over the other.
Bill of Rights
The first ten amendments which protect individual liberties.
Electors
Ballots cast by citizens to elect the President and Vice President.
13th amendment
Abolished slavery.
14th amendment
Provided civil rights for all citizens.
15th amendment
Gave all males the right to vote.
19th amendment
Gave women the right to vote.
2nd amendment
Protected the right to bear arms.
Censure
Formal disapproval of a member of Congress.
Vice President
President of the Senate.
Filibuster
When someone monopolizes debate in the Senate.
Constituents
People that members of U.S. Congress represent.
Article 1, Section 8
Where delegated or expressed powers of Congress are found.
census
Population count taken every 10 years to determine representation.
Jan 3rd
When a congressional term begins and ends.
Incumbent
A candidate already in office and running for re-election.
2 years
Term length for a member of the House of Representatives.
435
Number of members in the House of Representatives.
Senate
Conducts the trial during an impeachment process.
6 years
Term length for a U.S. Senator.
Reapportionment
Process of determining if a state loses or gains seats in the House.
Bill
Every law starts as.
Felonies
The most serious kinds of crimes.
Plaintiff
The party that files charges in a civil case.
Misdemeanors
Crimes that are more serious than petty but not as serious as felonies.
Tort
A wrongful act for which someone can sue.
Penal Code
Set of written laws that defines crimes and spells out punishments.
Naturalization
Legal process for becoming a U.S. citizen.
Miranda
Rule that holds that suspects must be informed of their rights before questioning.
Affirmative Action
When the government gives preference to minorities and women.
Exclusionary
Rule that holds that illegally obtained evidence can't be used in a criminal trial.
Double Jeopardy
Rule protects people from being tried twice for the same crime.
Negligence
Careless, reckless behavior resulting in harm to others.
Political Action Committee
Group of people with broad common interests who organize to win elections.
Ideology
Set of basic beliefs about government and society.
Media
Group containing all means for communicating information to the public.
Direct Primary
Election when voters choose candidates to run in the general election.
Platform
Written statement of the party's principles and its position on issues.
Lobbyists
People who try to influence public policy by direct contact with public officials.