210- March 2nd- Cranial Skeleton

Frontal Bone

the large curved bone of the forehead, features round indentations for the eyes

Supraorbital Margin

the space above the eye sockets on the frontal bone

Parietal Bone

“kind of a blobby square”

the curved bone that makes up the majority of the top of your head

Occipital Bone

the bone at the base of the skull, featuring the foramen magnum

Foramen Magnum

the hole in the occipital bone for the spinal cord and a portion of the brainstem

Occipital Condyle

the knuckle-like protrusions on the occipital bone which sit on the facet for occiput

Cerebellar Fossa

the indentations in the occipital bone for the cerebellum to sit

Temporal Bone

the weirdly shaped, spiky bone that makes up the section of the skull by the ear. Split into four portions- squamous, mastoid, tympanic, and petrous

Squamous Portion

the flat section of the temporal bone, superior to the processes

Mastoid Portion

the section of the temporal bone which the mastoid process protrudes from and where the mandibular fossa is located

Tympanic Portion

the section of the temporal bone surrounding the external auditory meatus

Petrous Portion

the process on the interior side of the temporal bone, which houses the semicircular canals and cochlea

Zygomatic Process

the protrusion on the temporal bone which connects to the zygomatic bone

Styloid Process

the inferior protrusion on the temporal bone which connects to the stylohyoid muscle

External Auditory Meatus

the ear canal, the hard hole through which sound is conducted

Mandibular Fossa

the indent next to the external auditory meatus on the temporal bone where the mandible connects

Mastoid Process

the protrusion on the mastoid portion of the temporal bone, where the sternocleidomastoid connects to the skull

Crown

the visible, exposed portion of the tooth

Neck

the connection point between the crown and root of the tooth

Gingival Line

the gum line, divides the exterior from the interior

Root

the portion of the tooth that is beneath the gingival line

Enamel

the material that covers the crown of the tooth, the hardest surface in the body

Dentin

the tooth layer beneath the enamel, avascular

Pulp

the layer of the tooth beneath the dentin and the deepest layer, full of nerves and blood vessels

Cementum

the material that covers the outside of the root of the tooth, not as hard as enamel, but still bone-like

Dental Occlusion

the mandibular molars should not be more than half a tooth in unalignment with the maxillary molars

Class I Occlusion

a mild form of occlusion where the teeth of the mandible and maxilla are exactly lined up

Class II Malocclusion

a condition where the mandibular molars are retracted from the maxillary position by at least one tooth- includes overbite and micrognathia

Micrognathia

a condition in which the mandible is too small from birth, causes Class II Malocclusion

Class III Malocclusion

a condition in which the mandibular teeth are advanced by one tooth compared to the maxillary teeth, leading to overbite

Hyperdontia

a condition in which a person has an excessive amount of teeth

Supernumerary Teeth

excessive, unnecessary, crowded teeth

Buccal Cavity

the space in the cheeks, important for feeding disorders

Uvula

the hanging flap of tissue in the back of the throat, indicates cleft if split

Rugae

the little ridges along the top of the oral cavity which help with mastication

Faucial Pillars

split into anterior and posterior, these are bands of tissue on both sides of the soft palate, the posterior marks the end of the oral cavity

Palatine Tonsil

pieces of lymph tissue which can swell

Median Raphe

the median line along the top of the palate and through the uvula, divides the oral cavity into halves

Nasopharynx

the region of the pharynx from the nasal cavity into the oral cavity

Oropharynx

the region of the pharynx from the posterior faucial pillars to the larynx

Laryngopharynx

the region of the pharynx below the larynx and into the esophagus

Orbicularis Oris

the kissing muscle, often considered a sphincter- closes the mouth and puckers the lips - circular muscle around the lips