chater 26 world history notes

Militarism

The belief in building up strong armed forces to prepare for war.

Alliances

Agreements between nations to support each other in case of conflict.

Imperialism

The policy of extending a country's power and influence through colonization or military force.

Nationalism

Patriotic feeling, principles, or efforts that promotes one's country over others.

Triple Alliance

A military alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy.

Triple Entente

An alliance formed by Great Britain, France, and Russia.

Archduke Franz Ferdinand

The heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, whose assassination sparked WWI.

Gavrilo Princip

The Serbian nationalist who assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand.

Battle of the Frontiers

A series of battles in August 1914 between Germany and the Allies at the beginning of WWI.

Trench Warfare

A type of combat where soldiers fight from trenches dug into the ground, leading to a stalemate.

Poison gas

A new weapon used in WWI that caused choked, burned, or blinded victims.

Machine guns

Rapid firing guns that caused high casualties during WWI.

Total War

A war in which countries devote all their resources to the war effort.

Women in WWI

Women took on roles in factories and nursing during WWI, significantly changing societal perceptions of gender roles.

Battle of Verdun

A major battle in 1916 characterized by intense fighting and high casualties.

Battle of the Somme

A 1916 battle known for the highest number of casualties in one day, with no decisive victory.

Gallipoli Campaign

A failed Allied campaign to secure a sea route to Russia during WWI.

February Revolution

The 1917 revolution in Russia that led to the abdication of Czar Nicholas II.

October Revolution

The 1917 coup by the Bolsheviks that established a communist government in Russia.

New Economic Policy (NEP)

A policy introduced by Lenin in 1921 that allowed some private enterprise.

Zimmermann Note

A secret telegram from Germany proposing a military alliance with Mexico against the US.

Treaty of Versailles

The 1919 treaty that officially ended WWI and imposed heavy reparations on Germany.

League of Nations

An international organization created after WWI to maintain peace, which the US did not join.

Postwar Effects on Europe

Post-WWI Europe faced huge losses in population, economic decline, and the collapse of empires.