Chem 1LD Safety Practical

What are the steps for using a digital balance?

Determine the container
Place the weighing container
Use a spatula to transfer
Close the draft shields
Use a brush or paper to clean

A solution is created when a small amount of
solute dissolves in a large amount of __________

solvent

When a solution's concentration is reported in moles of solute
per liter of solution, the concentration is reported as a __________

molarity

When a solution's concentration is reported in moles of solute per kilograms of solvent, the concentration is reported as a ________

molality

The most probable laboratory emergencies are chemical spills, minor
burns and cuts, and fires. Which of the following statements are TRUE
about responding to emergencies?

• Know where the stairwells are.

• All laboratories must have two exits.

• Stay calm

• If possible turn off lab equipment before leaving lab for a fire alarm

Which of the following common household products contain flammable chemicals?

• antifreeze

• gasoline

• rubbing alcohol

• nail polish remover

Which of the following are ways to stop a fire?

• limit quantities of flammable substances in work area

• ground metal container to prevent static electricity

• remove ignition sources

• place a beaker over a small flame to remove oxygen

Which of the following statements are true about flammability?

• A fire cannot start above or below a vapor's flammability limits.

• Inflammable is another word for flammable

The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) diamond has a _____ section for flammability. If the number _____ appears in this section, the chemical is extremely flammable. If the number _____ appears in this section, the chemical is a combustible, it will catch fire when heated.

Red
4
2

The Global Harmonized System (GHS) symbol is a picture of a _____ . If the hazard category is _____ , the chemical is extremely flammable. If the hazard category is _____ , the chemical is a combustible.

fire
HC 1
HC 4

Which of the following are true statements about fume hoods?

• Room air should be drawn into the fume hood.

• The window on the front of the fume hood is called a sash.

• All work should be done at least 6 inches inside the hood.

• A tissue paper held at the bottom of a sash should blow into the hood.

What is PEL?

Permissible Exposure Limits: developed by OSHA to indicate the max airborne concentration of a contaminant to which an employee may be exposed over the duration specified by the type of PEL.

What is an Odor Threshold?

minimum concentration at which the odor of a compound can be detected by sense of smell

What is odor fatigue?

decreased sensitivity to odors after prolonged exposure

What is IDLH? (immediately dangerous to life and health)

Description of any atmosphere that poses an immediate hazard to life or produces immediate, irreversible, debilitating effects on health.

What does OEL stand for?

Occupational Exposure Limit

PEL and odor threshold: dicholoromethane

25 ppm (PEL), 130 ppm (Odor Threshold)

PEL and odor threshold: methanol

200 ppm (PEL), 5900 ppm (Odor Threshold)

PEL and odor threshold: hexane

50 ppm (PEL), 130 ppm (Odor Threshold)

Which statement about gloves is true?

• gloves should be removed when they come in contact with any hazardous chemical

• no glove material protects against all chemicals

What is permeation?

ability of a chemical to penetrate the material through small pores

What is degradation?

destructive change in the glove material.

What is Breakthrough time?

time for the first appearance of a chemical on the other side of a glove

What is Rate of transfer?

speed at which a chemical breaks through

Which of the following are TRUE statements about lab coats?

• Lab coats should never be worn outside of lab.

• Sleeves should never be rolled up.

Nitrile gloves are used in general and organic chemistry laboratory.
Which of the following statements are TRUE about nitrile gloves?

• Nitrile gloves protect well against an aliphatic hydrocarbons like heptane and limonene.

• Nitrile gloves can be degraded by acetone (a ketone).

Which of the following guidelines should be followed to protect your skin in the chemistry laboratory?

• Wear a lab coat

• Wear clothing that covers most of your body.

• Wear sturdy closed toed and heel shoes.

• Use gloves when appropriate to do so.

What is Toxicology?

study of adverse effects from chemicals

What is Toxicity?

ability of a chemical to damage an organ system or to disrupt a biochemical process

What is a Toxicant?

A substance that acts as a poison to humans or wildlife, (chemical producing toxic effect)

What is a toxin?

chemical producing toxic effects made by a plant, animals, fungi, or bacterium

Define acute toxicity.

ability of a chemical to do systematic damage to an organ or biological system process with a single dose

Define chronic toxicity.

the ability of a chemical to do systematic damage to an organ or biological system process with multiple smaller doses over a prolonged period

What does LD50 mean?

the point at which 50 percent of the test organisms die from a toxin. (lethal dose that kills 50% of a population)

What does LC50 mean?

Lethal Concentration 50%, the concentration which kills 50% of the tested animals (lethal concentration that kills 50% of a population)

Which of the following statements are TRUE about the factors influencing toxicity?

• The dose makes the poison.

• The very young and very older are more susceptible to toxic effects.

• Animal models may not be a good representation of human response

Match the toxic class to the chemical: sensitizer

formaldehyde

Match the toxic class to the chemical: asphyxiant

carbon monoxide

Match the toxic class to the chemical: teratogen

acrylonitrile and ethanol

Match the toxic class to the chemical: carcinogen

benzene and dichloromethane

Match the toxic class to the chemical: organ toxicant

ethanol

Match the toxic class to the chemical: Neurotoxin

acetone

Match the toxic class to the chemical: Poison

cyanide

Define hazard.

potential source of danger

Define risk.

probability of suffering harm

risk level

hazard severity x exposure

What is a risk assessment?

identification of sources of risks

What is Risk Management?

wearing personal protective equipment

What are the factors that affect the probability of a lab accident?

• how other people behave

• how chemicals are used

• how the physical environment is controlled

Which of the following must be assessed to reduce the probability of exposure to a hazard?

• amount of chemical used

• type of personal protective equipment (goggles, gloves, lab coats, etc) needed

• routes of exposure (skin, eyes, inhalation, ingestion)

• containment of chemicals (capping reagents, using chemicals in the fume hood)

• personal knowledge of the hazards

While pouring 1 M of an aqueous potassium permanganate solution from a 1L reagent bottle, a student's hand slipped and the bottle fell and broke open. A small amount of solution splashed onto the student's eyes. The solution also spilled across the bench top and dripped down to create a pool on the floor.
If no safety precautions are followed the severity of the hazard is _____ and the probability of the event happening is _____ . This leads to a risk level that is _____ .Which measure should be taken to manage the risk?

moderate
possible
medium
all of these

Which of the following would you use to determine the severity of a hazard?

• GHS symbols

• chemical amounts used

• NFPA fire ratings

• PELS (permissible exposure limits)

• Lethal dose 50 values

What do eye hazards do?

that cause irreversible damage to the eye's cornea, iris, or conjunctiva upon prolonged contact

What do sensitizers do?

affect either the lungs or the skin, causing "hypersensitivity" to the chemical

What do mutagens do?

may produce genetic defects in humans or in animals

What do carcinogens do?

causes cancer in humans

What do reproductive toxicants do?

causes damage to a developing fetus resulting in birth defects and abnormalities

What do target organ toxicants do?

attack certain organs causing them damage that affects their ability to carry out normal functions

What do aspiration hazards do?

can be fatal if swallowed and then enters the airways

What do acute toxicants do?

are fatal if exposed to the smallest amount

What do corrosives do?

causes severe skin damage

Which of the following statements apply to green chemistry?

• high yield reactions are desirable

• methods used to eliminate hazards in during chemical use & manufacturing

• use less hazardous reagents

• choose reactions that can be done at room temperature & pressure

• recycle reagents & solvents

Which of the following statements about the chemicals or processes in
Chem 1LD follow the principles of green chemistry?

• Use of starting reagents (eugenol, vanillin, cinnamaldehyde, etc) from renewable feedstocks.

• Sunscreen synthesis did not require heat.

What should you do in an Earthquake?

• Drop, Cover, Hold

• Move swiftly to assembly areas

• Asess your surroundings

What should you do in an Active shooter incident?

• Run/Escape. Have an escape plan.

• Hide. Remain outside of the shooters view.

• Fight. Act aggressively, throw items and improvise items, commit to your actions.

What should you do in an utility failure?

• Notify a supervisor.

• remain calm.

• Listen to emergency personnel.

• Do not reenter building unless told it's safe

What should you do in an Evacuation?

• Shut down all hazardous operations including equipment and energy sources connected to hazardous materials.

• Close all supplies of hazardous materials including compressed gas cylinders.

What should you do in a Fire?

• Activate the ALARM by pulling the nearest fire alarm pull station and call UCI Police 9-1-1.
  CONFINE OR CONTAIN the fire by closing all doors and windows in and around the fire area to prevent the spread of smoke and fire.

• Shut off all appliances and other equipment if safe to do so.

• EXTINGUISH the fire with a portable fire extinguisher if safe.

• EVACUATE the area. Use fire extinguishers on small fires only - trash cans or smaller. After extinguishing a fire, back away and watch for re-ignition.

What should you do when there is an injury?

IF YOU ARE EXPOSED:
1. Immediately wash exposed area with
soap and water for 15 minutes, or
flush eyes with water for 15 minutes
at the nearest eye wash station.
2. Notify your supervisor.
3. Seek medical attention at one of
the locations

What do you do in an hazardous material incident?

1. Remove exposed/contaminated individual(s) from area, unless it is unsafe due to medical condition of victim(s), or potential hazards to rescuer(s).

2. Evacuate

3. Do not clean up without proper PPE
   Contain spills using appropriate absorbent material

What are the potential sources of ignition in the lab?
What are you working with (or have worked with in a previous experiment) that is flammable?

Hot plates, Digi-melt, paper (taring paper)

What was the source of ignition?

A candle at the bottom of the ramp

What was the flammable in the demonstration?

Hexane vapor.

Why do you observe a fire even though the flammable and the source of ignition are not near one another?

Because hexane vapor is denser so the vapor travels down the ramp and when it hits the flame, that's when the hexane ignites.

Position the beaker in the back of the hood. How do the fumes move as they evolve from the beaker? Move the beaker to the front of the hood. In what direction do the fumes go?

Back: Vapor moves left and right
Front: Vapor moves backward

Position the beaker near the edge of the hood. How are the fumes affected as you move your hands over the beaker and in and out of the hood?

Edge: The vapor moves downward towards the sides of the beaker and then moves back

Open and close the sash (the hood "window") with the beaker at the front of the hood (Avoid slamming the sash, it can come off its track.) How do the fumes react to this movement?

Reduction in vapor production

How is the lethality of a poison measured? What is the name for the metric used and at what doses/concentrations are toxicants considered deadly for ingestion, inhalation, and absorption?

The lethality of poison is measured by the LD50(Dosage needed to kill 50% of a population) or LC50 (concentration needed to kill 50% of a population) value and the units are mg/kg with body weight for LD50 and LC50 unit are mg/kg.

Risk Management: Describe the steps to take to minimize the hazard and prepare for an emergency with each event.
1. A student's coat sleeve catches the permanganate dish in Project #2, splattering the solution on their arm

1. Severity: High
Probability: Low
Risk level: Moderate
Risk management: Be aware of your surroundings and be aware of where permanganate stand is

Risk Management: Describe the steps to take to minimize the hazard and prepare for an emergency with each event.
2. During the recrystallization process in Project #3, the hotplate is accidently turned on high boiling the flask to dryness and cracking it.

2. Severity: low
Probability: moderate
Risk level: high
Risk management: Wear nitrile gloves and turn off the heat immediately. Be careful of temperature. Notify TA of the broken glass.

Risk Management: Describe the steps to take to minimize the hazard and prepare for an emergency with each event.
3. After the original proposal section for Project #4, a student finds a white solid on their computer trackpad and licks & re-licks finger to wet surface to remove

3. Severity: Very high
Probability: very low
Risk level: high
Risk management: Wear nitrile gloves, don't lick finger
Saran wrap your devices

What does the "fire" GHS symbol mean?

flammable (ignites and burns)

what does the "skull and cross bones" GHS symbol stand for?

toxic (death via short exposure or small amounts)

what does the "gas tank" GHS symbol stand for?

Compressed gas

What does the "O with fire" GHS symbol stand for?

oxidizing (fire caused by increasing concentration of oxygen in the air)

What does the "two flasks pouring on a hand and a table" GHS stand for?

corrosive (destroys living tissue on skin)

what does the "explosion" GHS symbol stand stand for?

explosive

what does the "dead fish in the lake" GHS symbol stand for?

environment (damage to the aquatic environment)

What does the "exclamation mark" GHS symbol stand for?

irritant; skin sensitizer(less serious health effects)

Match the chemical to its fate in the human body.
1. acetaminophen (tylenol)

Metabolized and removed by the liver

Match the chemical to its fate in the human body.
2. DDT

Bioaccumulation-stored in fat

Match the chemical to its fate in the human body.
3. ethylene glycol

Metabolized to calcium oxalate-forms crystals in Kidney

health hazard symbol

Carcinogen
Mutagenicity
Reproductive Toxicity
Respiratory Sensitizer
Target Organ Toxicity
Aspiration Toxicity