AP US History Period 1 and 2 - Vocabulary

Columbian Exchange

Trade of goods/viruses/people from New to Old World..

Economienda System

Lets Spanish settlers control the natives and establish a social hierarchy with them at the top

Spanish Armada

In 1588 the Brits defeat it and make colonization of the New World easier

Joint Stock Company

People in Britain pool money for colonization

Ex: VA company settling Jamestown in 1607

Spanish Mission System

Converts Indians to Catholicism

Sir Walter Raleigh

Settles Roanoke which becomes the Lost Colony in 1587

Jamestown

Settled in 1607 by VA company

Led by Capt. John Smith who declared "he who shall not work shall not eat"

Powhatans

Indians that live near Jamestown and supply them with food

Once they stop the Virginians die of starvation

John Rolfe

Starts tobacco as a cash crop (the first one) and marries Pocahontas

Indentured Servitude

Lucrative way to get Brits over to US by paying for journey but making them indentured servants for 7 years

Had high death rate and only 50% made it to end of terms

headright system

Gave away free land to rich people who paid for the passage of indentured servant

House of Burgesses

Virginian democratic tradition with an elected house that used power of the purse on the Governor

Puritanism

The belief of purifying the Anglican church from catholic practices

Separatists

Wanted to separate from Church of England and landed in Plymouth in 1620. More radical form of Puritanism.

Mayflower Compact

Signed by the Pilgrims on the ship that gave consent of the governed (not God), assemblies, and a legal code (1620)

Massachusetts Bay Colony

Founded by Puritans (non-separatists) in 1629

Saw themselves as the "city upon a hill" and believed they have a contract with God

Had a protestant work ethic

John Winthrop

First gov/founder of the Mass. Bay Colony

Roger Williams

Believed that church and state should be separate and was exiled to RI

Anne Hutchinson

Believed that the ticket to salvation was faith and a merciful god, not obeying moral authority and good deeds

Was exiled from Mass. Bay

Dominion of New England

(1686) Brits combined NH, RI, MA, CT under the command of Gov. Andros. The colonists revolted in 1692 and drove out the governor

Halfway Covenant

(1662) Allows more people to become members of the Puritan church without as much commitment

Salem Witch Trials

(1692) A hysterical reaction of the Dominion of New England or Halfway Covenant

Fundamental Orders

The first sort of constitution of the colonies in Connecticut (1639)

Maryland

Founded by Lord Baltimore as a gift from the King and a haven for catholics

Act of Toleration

To appeal Maryland to more people they allow all christian faiths (1649)

Native Conflicts

Pequot War and Metacom/King Philip's War

Pequot War

War over who controls CT, Mass Bay kills 400 Pequot people in vengeance for Pequot killing a few Mass Bay

Metacom/King Philip's War

Ended the native presence in the colonies (1676)

Slaves in Colonies

Come over in 1619 on Middle Passage of Triangular Trade

Generally worked on plantations in the South growing cash crops such as indigo, cotton, tobacco, and rice

Some worked in north in houses

Only worked for the rich

Salutary Neglect

an English policy of relaxing the enforcement of regulations in its colonies in return for the colonies' continued economic loyalty

Mid 1600s to mid 1700s

Mercantilism

Economic system in which the mother country tries to get a favorable balance of trade

Navigation Acts

Protectionist tariff for England that requires colonists to buy from them (1651-1673)

Upholds mercantilism

Molasses Act

(1733) Import taxes on molasses coming from the West Indies to get colonists to buy English molasses

Upholds mercantilism

Power of the purse

Early form of checking on the colonial governors in which the house/legislature would cut the salary of the governor to get their legislation through

New England Confederation

The first major attempt at consolidation among colonists

Bacon's Rebellion

(1676) Nathaniel Bacon wants William Berkley (governor) to let him start a militia to fight the Indians to get more land for new settlers in the west

Berkley says no and Bacon starts a rebellion against him

Bacon dies and his rebellion doesn't end up all that successful but it is the first populist uprising in America

William Berkely

Colonial gov. of VA during Bacon's Rebellion

Stono Rebelion

(1739) Rebel slaves escape and free a large number of slaves to contribute to their rebellion

They loot and raid things from whites and kill a few on their way to Florida for freedom

They get caught and killed and harsher slave codes are enforced

Slave Codes

Codes that limited the rights of slaves to prevent uprisings. Slaves were not allowed to learn to read or write.

First Great Awakening

Religious revival movement in the 1730s and 1740s. Preached more emotionally and emphatically, getting more of an audience.

A reaction to the enlightenment in Europe away from emotion and to reason.

Jonathan Edwards

Gave "sinners at the hands of an angry God" speech and captivated his audience

George Whitfield

Methodist preacher who was emotional and spiritual

New England vs. Middle vs. South

New England: focuses on trade ports (Boston) and has only subsistence farming. Has a puritan work ethic.

Middle: the Bread Basket colonies, they have lots of grain and are more diverse than NE. Also have port cities (NY)

Chesapeake: A mixture of the lower south and the middle colonies. Major crop is tobacco

Lower South: Has a stronger hierarchy and cash crops of cotton, rice, and indigo.