Studied by 14 people
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Columbian Exchange
Trade of goods/viruses/people from New to Old World..
Economienda System
Lets Spanish settlers control the natives and establish a social hierarchy with them at the top
Spanish Armada
In 1588 the Brits defeat it and make colonization of the New World easier
Joint Stock Company
People in Britain pool money for colonization
Ex: VA company settling Jamestown in 1607
Spanish Mission System
Converts Indians to Catholicism
Sir Walter Raleigh
Settles Roanoke which becomes the Lost Colony in 1587
Jamestown
Settled in 1607 by VA company
Led by Capt. John Smith who declared "he who shall not work shall not eat"
Powhatans
Indians that live near Jamestown and supply them with food
Once they stop the Virginians die of starvation
John Rolfe
Starts tobacco as a cash crop (the first one) and marries Pocahontas
Indentured Servitude
Lucrative way to get Brits over to US by paying for journey but making them indentured servants for 7 years
Had high death rate and only 50% made it to end of terms
headright system
Gave away free land to rich people who paid for the passage of indentured servant
House of Burgesses
Virginian democratic tradition with an elected house that used power of the purse on the Governor
Puritanism
The belief of purifying the Anglican church from catholic practices
Separatists
Wanted to separate from Church of England and landed in Plymouth in 1620. More radical form of Puritanism.
Mayflower Compact
Signed by the Pilgrims on the ship that gave consent of the governed (not God), assemblies, and a legal code (1620)
Massachusetts Bay Colony
Founded by Puritans (non-separatists) in 1629
Saw themselves as the "city upon a hill" and believed they have a contract with God
Had a protestant work ethic
John Winthrop
First gov/founder of the Mass. Bay Colony
Roger Williams
Believed that church and state should be separate and was exiled to RI
Anne Hutchinson
Believed that the ticket to salvation was faith and a merciful god, not obeying moral authority and good deeds
Was exiled from Mass. Bay
Dominion of New England
(1686) Brits combined NH, RI, MA, CT under the command of Gov. Andros. The colonists revolted in 1692 and drove out the governor
Halfway Covenant
(1662) Allows more people to become members of the Puritan church without as much commitment
Salem Witch Trials
(1692) A hysterical reaction of the Dominion of New England or Halfway Covenant
Fundamental Orders
The first sort of constitution of the colonies in Connecticut (1639)
Maryland
Founded by Lord Baltimore as a gift from the King and a haven for catholics
Act of Toleration
To appeal Maryland to more people they allow all christian faiths (1649)
Native Conflicts
Pequot War and Metacom/King Philip's War
Pequot War
War over who controls CT, Mass Bay kills 400 Pequot people in vengeance for Pequot killing a few Mass Bay
Metacom/King Philip's War
Ended the native presence in the colonies (1676)
Slaves in Colonies
Come over in 1619 on Middle Passage of Triangular Trade
Generally worked on plantations in the South growing cash crops such as indigo, cotton, tobacco, and rice
Some worked in north in houses
Only worked for the rich
Salutary Neglect
an English policy of relaxing the enforcement of regulations in its colonies in return for the colonies' continued economic loyalty
Mid 1600s to mid 1700s
Mercantilism
Economic system in which the mother country tries to get a favorable balance of trade
Navigation Acts
Protectionist tariff for England that requires colonists to buy from them (1651-1673)
Upholds mercantilism
Molasses Act
(1733) Import taxes on molasses coming from the West Indies to get colonists to buy English molasses
Upholds mercantilism
Power of the purse
Early form of checking on the colonial governors in which the house/legislature would cut the salary of the governor to get their legislation through
New England Confederation
The first major attempt at consolidation among colonists
Bacon's Rebellion
(1676) Nathaniel Bacon wants William Berkley (governor) to let him start a militia to fight the Indians to get more land for new settlers in the west
Berkley says no and Bacon starts a rebellion against him
Bacon dies and his rebellion doesn't end up all that successful but it is the first populist uprising in America
William Berkely
Colonial gov. of VA during Bacon's Rebellion
Stono Rebelion
(1739) Rebel slaves escape and free a large number of slaves to contribute to their rebellion
They loot and raid things from whites and kill a few on their way to Florida for freedom
They get caught and killed and harsher slave codes are enforced
Slave Codes
Codes that limited the rights of slaves to prevent uprisings. Slaves were not allowed to learn to read or write.
First Great Awakening
Religious revival movement in the 1730s and 1740s. Preached more emotionally and emphatically, getting more of an audience.
A reaction to the enlightenment in Europe away from emotion and to reason.
Jonathan Edwards
Gave "sinners at the hands of an angry God" speech and captivated his audience
George Whitfield
Methodist preacher who was emotional and spiritual
New England vs. Middle vs. South
New England: focuses on trade ports (Boston) and has only subsistence farming. Has a puritan work ethic.
Middle: the Bread Basket colonies, they have lots of grain and are more diverse than NE. Also have port cities (NY)
Chesapeake: A mixture of the lower south and the middle colonies. Major crop is tobacco
Lower South: Has a stronger hierarchy and cash crops of cotton, rice, and indigo.
Note 
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