Module 4- SAR + Archaeplastida

alveolus

flattened, membrane-bound vesicles packed into a continuous layer supporting the cell plasma membrane, provide support for the cell

apical meristem

undifferentiated cells of land plant roots and shoots that proliferate throughout life

amoeboid motion

movement of a unicellular organism in which a pseudopodia is extended in one direction and the rest of the cell follows; found in Rhizaria and Ameobozoa

bioluminescence

generation and emission of light by an organism

cellulose

carbohydrate component of green algae and plant cell walls

cuticle

watertight sealant on surface of land plants that prevents water loss

ecosystem service

benefits that humans derive, directly or indirectly, from ecosystem functions

fiddlehead

tightly coiled new fronds of ferns

flavonoids

UV absorbing compounds found in land plants that prevent DNA damage

flower

reproductive structure of flowering plants, typically contain both male and female organs

fronds

large "leaves" of ferns

fruit

thickened tissue derived from ovary wall that protects the embryo after fertilization and facilitates seed dispersal

gametophyte

multicellular and haploid, produce gametes by mitosis

guard cells

specialized cells that open/close stoma

heterospory

produces two types of spores

homospory

produces only one type of spore

lignin

complex polymer impermeable to water, adds support to vascular tissue of plants

flavonoids

UV absorbing compounds found in land plants that prevent DNA damage

phycoerythrin

a pigment that exists in red algae, absorbs blue and green wavelengths and reflects red wavelengths

plankton

diverse group of mostly microscopic organisms that drift in marine and freshwater systems and serve as a food source for larger aquatic organisms

pollen

contain male gametophyte, protective coating resistant to desiccation

rhizoids

thin filaments that anchor mosses to the substrate

root

modified plant tissue to provide anchorage and take in water and nutrients

seed

structure containing the embryo, storage tissue, and protective coat

sori

clusters of sporangia on the underside of fern fronds; where spores are produced

sporophyte

multicellular and diploid, produce spores by meiosis

stamen

flower structure that contains the male reproductive organs; produces pollen

test

porous shell of a foram that is built from various organic materials and typically hardened with calcium carbonate

tracheids

secondary cell walls supported by complex polymer lignin, a type of vascular tissue

vascular plant

plant containing a network of cells that conducts water and solutes through the organism

vessel elements

another type of vascular tissue that is wider, with gaps for more efficient water movement