L14 - Joints and Ligaments Axial and Appendicular Skeleton

Axial skeleton

Central skeleton including skull and vertebrae.

Appendicular skeleton

Limbs and their attachments to the axial skeleton.

Fibrous joints

No movement; bones joined by fibrous material.

Sutures

Fibrous joints found in the skull.

Syndesmoses

Fibrous joints with limited movement, joined by ligaments.

Gomphosis

Fibrous joint between tooth and socket.

Cartilaginous joints

Bones connected by cartilage, allowing some movement.

Synovial joints

Highly mobile joints with specialized structures.

Joint cavity

Space within synovial joint, filled with synovial fluid.

Synovial membrane

Inner layer of joint capsule producing synovial fluid.

Articular cartilage

Hyaline cartilage covering bone surfaces in joints.

Fibrous layer

Outer layer of the joint capsule providing stability.

Periosteum

Connective tissue surrounding the outer surface of bones.

Compact bone

Dense bone tissue providing strength and support.

Menisci

Crescent-shaped cartilages providing cushioning in joints.

Elbow joint

Hinge joint allowing flexion and extension of the arm.

Carpus

Wrist joint, consisting of multiple small bones.

Hip joint

Ball and socket joint, allowing multi-directional movement.

Stifle joint

Knee joint in quadrupeds, complex with ligaments.

Cranial cruciate ligament

Ligament stabilizing the stifle joint, preventing excess movement.

Medial meniscus

C-shaped cartilage in the stifle joint for cushioning.

Tibiotarsal joint

Joint between tibia and tarsal bones in hind limb.

Interphalangeal joints

Joints between the phalanges of digits.

Axial Skeleton

Central skeleton including skull and vertebrae.

Sacroiliac Joint

Joint between sacrum and ilium bones.

Hip Joint

Coxofemoral joint; ball-and-socket type.

Atlantooccipital Joint

Joint between atlas and occipital bone.

Atlantoaxial Joint

Joint between atlas and axis vertebrae.

Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)

Synovial joint connecting jaw to skull.

Intervertebral Joint (Cartilaginous)

Joint between vertebral bodies; symphysis type.

Intervertebral Joint (Synovial)

Joint between vertebral articular facets.

Costovertebral Joint

Joint between ribs and vertebrae.

Sternocostal Joint

Joint between sternum and ribs 1-8.

Costosternal Joint

Synovial joint between ribs and sternum.

Costochondral Joint

Cartilaginous joint between rib and cartilage.

Dorsal Atlantoaxial Ligament

Ligament connecting atlas and axis dorsally.

Nuchal Ligament

Ligament extending from skull to spine.

Supraspinous Ligament

Ligament along the dorsal spine.

Interspinous Ligament

Ligament between adjacent spinous processes.

Ventral Longitudinal Ligament

Ligament running along the ventral spine.

Intercapital Ligament

Ligament connecting heads of ribs.

Sacrotuberous Ligament

Ligament connecting sacrum to tuber of ischium.

Costochondral Arch

Cartilaginous part of the ribs.