BIO-130 Plant Flashcards

root system

anchors the plant, absorbs water & ions

shoot system

supporting systems, photosynthetic leaves, reproductive flowers

internode, node, lead, axillary bud

node

point at which the leaves branch off

internode

space between nodes

dermal tissue

protective function, one cell layer thick, fatty layer to keep water in

ground tissue

storage, photosynthesis, secretion

several different internal tissues types and can participate in storage, photosynthesis, secretion

vascular tissue

conducts fluids and dissolved substances

meristems

clumps of small cells with dense cytoplasm

act as stem cells do in animals

pluripotency

ability to take on any cell type/plant cell fate

apical meristem

located at tips of stems & roots for extension of plant

root cap

protects root apical meristems

leaf primordia

protects shoot apical meristem

lateral meristems

found in plants with secondary/outward growth

guard cells

dermal cells on either side of stomata that regulate opening of stomata, allow gas exchange, prevent water loss

trichromes

 dermal cells, not all plant cells, allows for symbiosis with other organisms, stores symbiotic organism (bacteria)

root hairs

single dermal cell extends cytoplasm, increase surface area to absorb water & nutrients

parenchyma

ground tissue cells function in storage, photosynthesis, secretion, most abundant, less specialized

collenchyma

ground tissue cells that provide support & protection, thick cell walls

sclerenchyma

dead ground tissue cells that provide support & protection, doubly thick cell walls

xylem

principal water conducting tissue containing the vessels

vessels

cells in the xylem of dead cylindrical cells arranged end to end

fibers

sclerenchyma cells grouped in strands for straight parts of stems

sclereids

sclerenchyma, variable shape, often branches, may occur singly or in groups (branching points)

tracheids

dead cells with wide diameter in the xylem tissue that taper and overlap each other

phloem

Principal food conducting tissue in vascular plants

sieve cells

phloem cells: living cells with clusters of pores that allow for movement of organic compounds

sieve tube members

phloem cells: more specialized/efficient that transport water fed with energy from companion cells

protoderm

immature dermal tissue that will become mature in the zone of maturation

procambium

immature vascular tissue that will become mature in the zone of maturation

ground meristem

immature ground tissue that will become mature in the zone of maturation

zone of cell division

rapid cell divisions of apical meristem in roots

zone of elongation

roots lengthen because cells become several times longer than wide

zone of maturation

elongated cells become differentiated into specific cell types

casparian strip

• Concentric circle around the root

• Waxy, fatty material to keep water in (some specialized mechanisms to control water movement 

• “gatekeeper”

palisade mesophyll

 two rows of tightly packed chlorenchyma cells with chloroplasts for photosynthesis

spongy mesophyll

loosely packed cells with lots of air in between, some photosynthesis occurring, gas exchange & water vapor exit (near stoma)

angiosperms

flowering plants