Intro to Mass media FINAL

Tim pilrims 8 functions of mass media

Inform

Surveliance

serve the econ system

hold society together

entertain

act as a comuninty form

set the agenda

service the political system

How long do americans spend on screens

About 11 hours

What is the least trusted form of media

Fully online

What most trusted form of media

Local news

Podcast listeners

People who listen to podcasts will mostly listen to podcasts

How much of a podcast is consumed

85% of listeners will complete an episode.

VIdeo vs. Podcasts

More people watch videos than listen to podcasts

Podcasts v. radio

More people int he world still listen to radio than they do podcasts, but if youve already discovered podcasts, your listening to them more

Number 1 news website

CNN

How many people can reliably tell fact from opinion

6/10

Factors that help tell fact from opinion

Pay attention to politics, digital savvy, and trust in media

Our own biases inform our perceptions

Factual statement

Statement that can be proven ir disproven based on objective evidence

Non falsiable evidence

Evidence that cannot be proven true or false.

Who can tell fact or opinion better

Both republicans and democrats are more likey to identify something as a fact if they agree with it

Falsifiable claims

Claims

Claims that an be refuted through observation or evidence

Examples of non falsiable plans

Secret plans

prove a negative

criptids

Cue for first amendment issues

Congress shall make no law

Prior restraint

Supressing publication; most extreme violation of frst amaendment

Religion in the first amendment

The government can’t make any law establishing a religion or prohibiting free exercise thereof

Are all free speech issues first amendemnet issues

no

Is it illegal for private companies to ban you for saying something

no, while its a free speech issues, private companies have the right to protect themselves

Are all first amendment issues free speech issues

Yes

What limits does the first amendment have

First amendment issues are up to the courts

Zoning laws

Violent speech

Freedom from consequences

Zoning laws

regulations that dictate how land can be used in a specific area, which can affect media operations and free speech

Obscenity laws

You know it when you see it

Jurgen Habermas

In democracy, actions take place in the “Public Sphere”

What is Habermas critical of

Market based approaches of media. No democracy can fail in that economic sector

What does Habermas believe in

The ideal speech situation

The freedom of information act

a federal law that allows us to have access to public records

What rise aboves the FOIA

States can make laws on how people get records as long as they don’t go below the floor

Framing

The way an issue is positioned affects how audiences react to the message

The three kinds of framing

gain v. loss, issue frames, episodic v. thematic

Are frames mutually exlusive

no, a story can have many kinds of frame

This story is about______

Issue frame

Mary the immigrant

Episodic frame

If i dont get this ill die

Loss frame

If you stop smoking you’ll save money

Gain frame

US citizens pay more for their healthcare than any other place

Thematic frame

How do smokers react to framing

React better to gain framing

How do drinkers react to framing

React better to loss framing

Shanto Lyengar

First person to groundbreak how people react to framing

What did Lyengar say about episodic framing

That it triangles in on how someone got into that situation

What does a media campaign include

Paid, Earned, and Owned media

Paid media

Advertising

Earned media

Pitching stories to reporters

Owned media

Websites, social media, podcasts

Do journalism have to write what you want them to?

No, they can write something how they perceive it

How much money do americans spend on advertising

$250 billion

What does digital advertising do

Targets soecufic people, more meterics

Whats a con of digital ads

different ethical issues

How is digitial advertising contraversial

designed to be addictive and take information

What does social media do to people

lowers happiness scores

What did a study say about social media

the more you use facebook, the worse you feel

Who is a public relations executive responsible too

their client

Who is a journalism responsible too

the public

Why is there nothing about “do no harm”

People there is no way to cover a story without doing harm to someone, but journalist should always try to minimize harm

We serve the public interest by acting as responsible b acting as responsible advocates for those we represent

PR code of ethics

be accuarte and fair. Be honest and courageous in gather, reporting, and interpreting information

Journalism code of eithics

User generated content examples

Reddit, Tik tok, the Knight Foundation

Ethics of user generated content

does not have to be accurate, and there cna be consequences with that

What are the five types of business models

Traditional ad-driven model
Government funded
Non-profit
User contributions
Different revenue streams

Traditional ad-driven model

funding from advertising

Government funded

BBC

Non-profit funded

Funded by grants from a nonprofit

user contributions

funded by the money users donate

different revenue streams

having empoyees do other odd jobs which relate to their skill sets to get money

Silo Investing

too much advertising frequency occurs, via single platform, and may lead to diminishing RIO

How to get a greater ROI

spending across multiple platforms

goals of ad campaigns

sell more products and public interest advertising