Personality theory Exam 2

Horney thought there are two basic needs during childhood. List there two basic needs

Safety and Satisfaction

Caught between dependence and Hostility, generalized hostility to all people and world, learn to repress hostility in order to survive

Basic Hostility

Feel lonely and helpless in a hostile world

Basic Anxiety

Some parents respond to their child’s needs with basic evil. list four of the behaviors that would show basic evil toward a child

Rejection of a child, Ridicule, Humiliation, Preference to a sibling

Need for Affection and Approval, Need for a partner who will run one’s life, need to live one’s life within narrow limits. if I give in, I shall not be hurt

Moving toward people

Need for power, Need to exploit others, Need for social recognition and prestige, need for personal admiration, If I have power, no one can hurt me

Moving Against people

Need for ambition and personal achievement, need for sufficiency and independence, need for perfection and unassailability, If I withdraw, nothing can hurt me

Moving away form people

born with this, leads to normal personality growth.

real self

self replaces the real self after experiencing basic evil

idealized self

View everything of importance as occurring outside oneself. Hold external factors responsible for life situation

Externalization

deny/ignore parts of experiences that don’t fit idealized self

Blind spots

divide life into boxes, with different rules for each

Compartmentalization

logical excuses to justify weakness and failures

Rationalization

control emotions. Rigid self-control

Excessive self control

make a choice, classify all others as “wrong”

arbitrary rightness

seldom make a decision, then can’t be wrong

Elusiveness

don’t believe in anything

Cynicism

What does Erik Erikson Emphasize

Ego

What is a major concern on self anaylysis

Overcoming resistance on your own

what are women jealous of

men have social power

what are men jealous of

give birth to children

through Erik Erikson’s finding what did he find influenced personality

A child’s genitals determine their personality

Erikson thought each crisis had three phases. Listen and define these three phases

Immature- not the focal point of development

Critical- focal point of development

Resolution- influences future personality development

pattern of behavior that reflects culture. Makes life meaningful, how we become socialized, are arbitrary but important

Ritulalization

Inappropriate or false ritual. Mechanical and stereotyped ritualization. Empty ceremony, lack power to bond people together

Ritualism

Develops if crisis has positive outcome

Virtue

Develop if basic needs are met in a loving and consistent way. Don’t develop is rejected or needs are inconsistently met. 1st social achievement of letting parents out of sight without getting angry. Infancy

Basic Trust vs Mistrust

Hold on and let go by choice. Willfully do something or not, battle of wills with parents, Parents must control child without injuring child’s self control. Early Childhood

Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt

initiates ideas, actions, fantasies, plan for future events. Test limits of what they can do. all depends if parents encourage their behavior . Preschool age

Initiative vs Guilt

Pleasure of completing work with steady attention and diligence vs losing confidence in ability to contribute to society. School age

Industry vs Inferiority

Ponder all info about self and past experiences and commit to a strategy for life vs the inability to choose a role in life or only assuming a role because it is given to you. Adolescence

Identify vs Role Confusion

Close loving relationships vs withdrawing into self/avoiding others. Young Adult

Intimacy vs Isolation

passing information into the next generation vs interpersonal impoverishment meaning not caring about the future. Adulthood

Generatviity vs Stagnation

feels life was productive, happy, constructive vs looking back on life with frustration, not achieve goals. Old Age

integrity vs Despair

What are the three ego states

Parent, Adult, and child

Determines behavior and thought. It is organized but always changing because of experience

Dynamic Organization

not exclusively mental or physical

Psychophysical systems

personality is behind/motivates behavior

Determine

what makes each person unique

Characteristic behavior and thought

Character

moral judgment, personality evaluated

type

category a person is placed in

Temperment

emotional component of personality. Genetic like intelligence and physical characteristics

Trait

•Neurophychic structure having the capacity to render many stimuli functionally equivalent, and to initiate and guide equivalent forms of adaptive and expressive behavior. Not habits or attitudes

Frequency, Number of Situations, Intensity

Allport that traits could not be observed but only inferred. What three pieces of information did Allport say use to infer a person’s trait

Cardinal dipositions

one overriding trait. Influence everything they do. Only a few people have cardinal dispositions

Central dispositions

5-10 dominant traits. Different for each person, Organizes our personality

Secondary Dispositions

more specific than cardinal or central. More general than habits and attitudes

Sense of bodily “me” (1st year)

•Body exist through the senses

•Body is the anchor of self-awareness

•Defines what is and is not a part of the self

•Sense of self-identity (2nd year)

•Self continues even though body changes size and shape

•Name becomes the anchor of identity

•Sense of self-esteem (3rd year)

•Pride for doing things on their own

•Sense of self-extension (4th year)

•Self is extended to objects

•Learn what “mine” means, self goes beyond the self

•Emergence of self-image (5-6 years)

•Conscious develops

•Creates a “good me” and “bad me” and create future goals

Emergence of self as rational coper (6-12 years)

•Think to solve problems, think about thinking

•Emergence of propriate striving (12-adolescence)

•Become future oriented

•Make future goals with obstacles you must overcome to reach them

•Emergence of self as knower (adulthood)

•Self is aware of, unifies and transcends the first seven stages

•Integrates all functions of the other stages

•Capacity for self-extension

•Participate in many things

•Friends, hobbies, politics, church

•Capacity for warm human interaction

•Intimate relations without jealously or possessiveness

Demonstrates emotional security and self-acceptance

•Tolerant of conflicts and frustrations in life

•Positive self-image

•Demonstrates realistic perceptions

•See events as they are, not as they hoped they would be

. Demonstrates self-objectifications

•Accurately picture own assets and liabilities

•Good sense of humor, can laugh at self

•Demonstrates a unifying philosophy of life

•Has a major goal to work toward in life

•May come through religion

Extrinsic behavior

Looks for favoritism with god

Correlation

Measures the direction and strength of a relationship between to variables

Correlation Matrix

If measure similar things will correlate, if measure different things will not correlate

Cluster Analysis

Look for groups of variables that are highly correlated with each other

Surface Traits

groups of observations that are correlated

Environmental Mold Traits

traits resulting from experience

Ability Trait

source trait, how well we work toward a goal

Temperament traits

style and tempo of a person •Speed, energy, emotional

•Genetically determined

Dynamic Traits

set a person in motion toward a goal

They are learned

not qualified as an aspect of an erg

Self Sentiment

Most important Metaerg

Long Circuiting

This is the idea that one behavior may satisfy several ergs