ANTH 102: Exam 3

Oldowan Toolmakers

Complex foragers

Expensive Tissue Hypothesis

Meat eating led to bigger brains

Paranthropus

Large post canine dentition with small anterior dentition

First Homo species to leave Africa?

Homo erectus

NOT a "robust" hominid

Australopithecus africanus

NOT true of Australopithecus afarensis

Knuckle-walked

Turnover Pulse

- Likely cause of Paranthropus
- Change in species in Africa
- Drier climate

What species was Turkana Boy?

Homo erectus

Who made Oldowan tools?

Homo habilis

Which fossil group makes a good generalized potential ancestor to all Primates?

Plesiadapiforms

Omomyids

Galagos and Lorises

Threat & Display Hypothesis

Bipedalism evolved due to sexual signaling

Sivapithecus

Orangutans

Zircon Dating

How scientists determined the age of the Earth

Humans have the same number of bones as other primates

True

Aegyptopithecus

Old world monkeys and apes

Big brains came before bipedalism

False

Piltdown

- Large brain, ape-like jaw
- False link/fake science
- "Humanity evolved in England

Proconsul

Apes

Paleoecology

Uses fossils to understand the paleo-environment

Humans are highly sexually dimorphic

False

Taphonomy

The science of understanding the events that occur between the death of the animal and the collection of its remains

Grassland Ape Hypothesis

Bipedalism evolved for distance hunting in grassy Savannah lands

Genetic difference between humans and apes

Fused Chromosome 2

The Thoracic-Lumbar curve develops when a child begins walking

True

Humans are

Long distance runners

NOT a bipedal adaptation

Cervical curve

Evolution is linear

False

Laetoli footprints

Australopithecus afarensis

Valgus knee

Bipedalism

NOT a bipedal running adaptation

Basicranial flexion

Australopithecus afarensis

- Sexually dimorphic
- Bigger brains (500 cc)
- Bipedal

Key differences between human and nonhuman primates

- Bipedalism
- Canine eruption in different times of life
- Brain sizes