Functionalism Theory and Methods

These flashcards cover key concepts related to the functionalist theory and methods in sociology, focusing on the work of major theorists like Durkheim, Parsons, and Merton.

Functionalism

A theory that emphasizes the role of each part of society in maintaining the stability of the whole system.

Social Facts

The shared aspects of society such as beliefs and values that are external to the individual and shape behavior.

Collective Consciousness

A shared morality that binds members of society together and creates social solidarity.

Anomie

A sense of normlessness that occurs when there is too much individualism and freedom.

Value Consensus

An agreement among members of a society about shared values that promotes social order.

Adaptation

The relationship between a social system and its environment, including the provision of basic needs such as food and shelter.

Goal Attainment

The need for societies to set goals and priorities which are institutionalized through political systems.

Integration

The adjustment of conflict in society through legal standards and norms.

Pattern Maintenance

The maintenance of basic patterns of values through institutions such as family and religion.

Manifest Functions

Positive functions that are intended and recognized by participants in a social system.

Latent Functions

Unintended and unrecognized functions in a social system that still have effects.

Critique of Functionalism

Critics argue that functionalism ignores conflict, coercion, and social change, presenting an overly harmonious view of society.