an idea that recurs in or pervades a work of art or literature, controlling idea of a work and holds it together, ex R&J irrational hatred
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Soliloquy
when a character is alone or believes themselves to be alone, and they begin to speak out loud expressing inner turmoil with lots of questions (R&J)
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Verse
metrical language, not exactly rhyming, opposite of prose
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Allegory
a story that can be read on two distinctly different levels, ex the Lion the Witch and the Wardrobe
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Apostrophe
when a character addresses an inanimate object like they are human, used in drama or for a dramatic effect, ex to a mouse, Juliet talking to the knife/poison
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Folk Ballad
song like poem to tell stories based on earlier legend/history, Ex Cyrano writing a ballad in the beginning of the play, the song of roland
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Parody
presenting something that is usually serious in a comical way, not changing anything
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Elizabethan Sonnet
formally known as an English sonnet or Shakespearean sonnet, written in iambic pentameter, fixed rhyme scheme, ends with a rhyming couplet, 9th line is “the turn” or shift in tone, ex“ but passion lends them power”
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Syntax
the way a sentence is built, “read it out loud”
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Free Verse
verse that doesn’t have a fixed rhyme scheme or beat, ex epigraph written in things fall apart
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Epithet
term or label describing a character, ex long suffering Odysseus
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Hyperbole
exaggeration with an effect, an over statement, not meant to be taken literally
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Aside
stage secrets, R&J, Cyrano
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Metaphor
comparing two things with out using like or as
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Symbol
an object or idea that represents something bigger, ex lenny’s mouse, cyrano’s white plume
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Metonymy
smaller idea or concept to explain something much bigger, a complex idea in a simple object, like symbolism but its an idea, ex. a pen is mightier than a sword, the white house called
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Onomatopoeia
crackle, sizzle
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Paradox
a complex statement that seems to contradict itself but after further look it is true, ex all men are destined yet free
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Prose
opposite of verse, standard written language, non
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Conceit
fanciful comparison of two fundamentally different objects, NOT a metaphor
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Tone
speakers attitude to the event, not the same through the entire work, ex. Lenny, despair through Things Fall Apart
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Connotation
emotionally baggage of a word, good or bad, authors use loaded language
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Pun
“He’s been Christianized” (Cyrano) making a joke that Christian is like the religion, grave serious and hole in the ground
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Caesura
to cut (
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Motif
reoccurring object that adds to the plot of the work, Oedipus light and dark, R&J stars, Cyrano’s white plume
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Denotation
dictionary definition of a word
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Allusion
implicit reference to another work, religion, etc. that helps advance the story overall
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Romantic Tale
literary tradition that was popular during the middle ages, French, knights and damsels, King Arther age
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Romanticism
reaction to restrained idea of order and reason, importance is personal independence and divinity nature
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Romantic Comedy
complexity of plot, tried of the unlikely hero, elements of satire, often contain monologues, everything is funny, ex Cyrano
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Assonance
repetition of closely written vowel sounds
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Blank Verse
unrhymed iambic pentameter, ex R&J
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Couplet
two rhyming lines at the end of the poem or at the end of the scene (Shakespeare)
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Didactic poetry
poetry in the intent to instruct, morality poems
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Verbal Irony
not sarcasm, incongruity of what’s intended, R&J Juliet’s love sprung from her only hate
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Meter
standard unit of poetry
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Oxymoron
two fundamental different words used together that mean something totally different, simple, usually two words
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Iambic Pentameter
a line consisting of 5 iambs, 10 beats, iamb is the beat, unstress stress
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Personification
giving life like adjectives to an inanimate object,
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Rhyme scheme
the pattern which poems can have, giving a line a letter
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Satire
making fun or mocking something, funny but true, ex the simpsons, modest proposal Jonathan swift wrote many, promote social change
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Line from Shakespeare
meter, iambic pentameter
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Cyrano de Bergerac (character)
poet, musician, and member of the Cadets of Gascoyne, he has a large nose that embrasses him, in love with his cousin Roxane
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Roxane
cyrano’s cousin, and the girl cyrano, christian, and de guiche are in love with
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Christian
northerner that joins the cadets, handsome but does not have the intelligence that cyrano does, in love with roxane
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De Guiche
married man in love with Roxane, doesn’t like cyrano, attempts to have him killed by 100 men
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Ragueneau
pastry chef that wishes to be a poet, his wife Lise leaves him for a musketeer in the middle of the play
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Le Bret
cyrano’s closest friend and fellow cadet
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Lingniere
christian’s friend
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The Duenna
roxane’s chaperone, similar to the nurse in R&J
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Valvert
duels cyrano in act 1 after insulting his nose
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Montfleury
actor who cyrano despises and bans from the stage
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Carbon
cyrano’s friend and captain
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Lise
ragueneau’s wife and leaves him because she doesn't approve of him being a poet
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Mother Marguerite and Sisters
nuns at roxane’s convent, admire and respect cyrano when he visits
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The Cardinal
de guiche’s uncle who is one of the most powerful men in france at the time
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When was Cyrano written?
1890s
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When does the play take place?
1600s
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36) this character says “how can I talk to a woman when I have no wit”
christian
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Why doesn’t Cyrano sign his letter to Roxane? (act 2)
He is going to give it to her face to face
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Compte de Guiche offers to help Cyrano with his play, Agrippe. Whom does he know that could help?
his uncle, the cardinal
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Who arrives unexpectedly at Roxane’s house and how is he delayed? Where does this distraction come from?
de guiche; he is delayed by cyrano and him talking about the moon
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How does de Guiche punish Christian and Cyrano at the end of Act 3?
sending their regiment to the front
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Uchendu
Okonkwo's uncle who receives him into Mbanta
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Amikwu
Uchendu's youngest son, get's married, sees Nwoye with Christians
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Mr. Kiaga
ibo missionary who is used as a translator, converts Nwoye
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Okoli
Kills the sacred python (says he didn't), later dies mysteriously
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Nwoye turns his name to
Isaac
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Abame
A village destroyed by white men because they killed one white man.
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Iron Horse
bicycle
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Kite
falcon
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Nneka
("mother is supreme") first child born to Okonkwo in exile
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Allusion
A brief and indirect reference to a person, place, thing or idea of historical, cultural, literary or political significance.
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Imperialism
Imperialism is the political control of a greater power over less powerful territories. This was usually done for economic and political gain.
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Afrocentrism
emphasizing and promoting African cultural patterns
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Eurocentrism
when you view the world from a European perspective. It is an implied belief that western culture is better than other cultures.
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jingoism
belligerent patriotism (extreme nationalism)
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interpreter for missionaries
Mr. Kiaga
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He tells Okonkwo about Nwoye's conversion first
Amikwu
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Uchendu's nephew
Okonkwo
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a short quotation at the beginning
Epigraph
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belligerent patriotism (extreme nationalism)
Jingoism
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he is thrilled when Nwoye converts
Mr. Kiaga
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a brief and indirect reference to...
Allusion
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the practice of viewing...European
Eurocentric
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First converts
efulefu's
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he is accused of killing the sacred python (14)
Okoli
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it is rumored here that christians have a fiery pit of hell (15)
Umuru
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first female convert
Nneka
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Where Mr. Kiaga is from
Umuru
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school, church, and government building here
Umuofia
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Mr. Kiaga never mentions
hell
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Nwoye converts because
he wants a loving father
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Who does Uchendu accuse of thinking they are the only one who suffers?
Okonkwo
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As payback for killing the sacred python, Mbanta ...
doesn't let the church have access to the rivers
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efulefu
titeless, worthless men, first coverts
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osu
outcast
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Okonkwo calls Mbanta a \___ clan
womanly
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Okonkwo was going to chase after Nwoye but then
decided he wasn't worth it
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When Nwoye was asked about his father (Okonkwo), he said
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