Byzantine, Rus, Turks, and Mongols

Justinian

Byzantine emperor in the 6th century A.D. who reconquered much of the territory previously ruler by Rome, initiated an ambitious building program , including Hagia Sofia, as well as a new legal code

Justinian Code

The body of Roman law collected by order of the Byzantine emperor, Justinian around A.D. 534.

Belisarius

One of Justinian's most important military commanders during period of reconquest of western Europe; commanded in north Africa and Italy

Hagia Sophia

the Cathedral of Holy Wisdom in Constantinople, built by order of the Byzantine emperor Justinian

Patriarch

Highest church official

Greek Fire

Byzantine weapon consisting of mixture of chemicals that ignited when exposed to water; utilized to drive back the Arab fleets that attacked Constantinople

Nika Riots

Rebellion against Justinian's policies. Theodora convinced Justinian to stay and fight against the rioters. This led to a massacre of the rebels in the Hippodrome

Demes

Gangs or groups that supported certain chariot teams, and had certain political affiliations.

Hippodrome

An ancient Greek stadium used for horse and chariot racing

Theodora

The wife of Justinian, she helped to improve the status of women in the Byzantine Empire and encouraged her husband to stay in Constantinople and fight the Nika Revolt.

Vladimir l

Ruler of Russian kingdom of Kiev from 980 to 1015; converted kingdom to Christianity

Princess Olga

the Russian ruler of Kiev who converted to Eastern Orthodox

Yaroslav the Wise

He ruled Kiev (1019-1054), forged trading alliances with western Europe, and created a legal code

Slavs and Vikings

The blending of these two cultures led to the development of Kiev and its culture

Mongol impact on Russia

Impacted their culture because Russia took after them in almost all aspects of life, isolated Russia.

Kiev

Trade city in southern Russia established by Scandinavian traders in 9th century; became focal point for kingdom of Russia that flourished to 12th century.

Ivan lll

Moscow prince who led rebellion against Mongol rule

Ivan l

Moscow leader, cooperated with the Mongols, and in return awarded him with the title Great Prince

Rise of Moscow

Moscow became one of the most important Russian overland trading city. Merchants brought european ideas and customs. Also became the Third Rome because when constantinople became istanbul, the capital of Christian Orthodox became Moscow.

Czar

A Russian emperor

Oleg

First Viking to settle in Kiev and the founder of the Russian state Kievan Rus

Novgorod and Kiev

Two main cities in Russia formed by the Vikings

Pastoralists

nomads who kept herds of livestock on which they depended for most of their food

Characteristics of Nomads

People who live life by wandering.

Pax Mongolica

The period of approximately 150 years of relative peace and stability created by the Mongol Empire.

Genghis Khan

A Mongolian general and emperor of the late twelfth and early thirteenth centuries, known for his military leadership and great cruelty. He conquered vast portions of northern China and southwestern Asia.

Mongol Empire

an empire founded in the 12th century by Genghis Khan, which reached its greatest territorial extent in the 13th century, encompassing the larger part of Asia and extending westward to the Dnieper River in eastern Europe.

Kublai Khan

(1215-1294) Grandson of Genghis Khan and founder of the Mongol Yuan Dynasty in China.